. Water Supply and Irrigation Papers of the United States Geological Survey . henHole. The Goshen Hole escarpmenthas accordingly not been broken bystreams, but has retreated as the re-sult of the sapping at its base by theheadwaters of the minor drainage. In the southwestern part of theGoshen Hole quadrangle there is agradually eastward-sloping surfacewhich corresponds to a former gradeof the streams, so that the escarpmentis not clearly developed along BearCreek and Horse Creek, but at manyplaces the contact between the forma-tions is beginning to appear in themore recently developed breaks a
. Water Supply and Irrigation Papers of the United States Geological Survey . henHole. The Goshen Hole escarpmenthas accordingly not been broken bystreams, but has retreated as the re-sult of the sapping at its base by theheadwaters of the minor drainage. In the southwestern part of theGoshen Hole quadrangle there is agradually eastward-sloping surfacewhich corresponds to a former gradeof the streams, so that the escarpmentis not clearly developed along BearCreek and Horse Creek, but at manyplaces the contact between the forma-tions is beginning to appear in themore recently developed breaks andbluffs. Following the escarpmentwhich borders the lowland eastwardalong Pumpkin Creek, we find theOgallala formation occurring at itssummit, the contact between theOgallala and Arikaree falling in theface of the escarpment well towardits upper part. While the presence ofthe lowland is here also dependent U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER SUPPLY PAPER NO. 70 PL. VII .^^^?PT^Ah „:. <v \ . i\i^-:*?• J. SANDSTONE DIKE CUTTING THE ARIKAREE FORMATION NORTHE, PINE B. SANDSTONE DIKE CUTTING THE ARIKAREE FORMATION ON DRY RAWHIDE CREEK. adams.] WATER SUPPLY. 25 upon the occurrence of the easily eroded Brule clays, the developmenlof the escarpment is to some extent also the result of the character ofthe Ogallala, which, like the Arikaree, acts as a capping and protect-ing member to the clays. A short distance east of the junction ofPumpkin Creek with the Platte the Goshen Hole lowland loses itsimportance and blends with and becomes simply the Platte this portion the Arikaree formation is absent, and the Brule andOgallala are the formations into which the streams have cut theirvalleys. The channel of the Platte does not lie so much below thecontact between the formations as it does in the Goshen Hole country,and this, together with the absence of the Arikaree, probably accountsfor the topographic forms being of less pronounced character. Thefloor of the Goshen Hole l
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