An introduction to the study of Gothic architecture . of this kind were used at Eavenna, and are commonin Italy, especially in cloisters; and the same fashion 202 EARLY FRENCH ARCHES. prevails in the south of France, which imitated Italyin many things: good examples occur at Aries andMoissac, but they are very common, perhaps more sothan single shafts in that situation. Eaely Feench Aeches have almost invariably asquare soffit, with or without a boutell on the angle,and seldom have any other mouldings. The form ofthe arch depends entirely on its situation : those of theapse are narrow, and usu
An introduction to the study of Gothic architecture . of this kind were used at Eavenna, and are commonin Italy, especially in cloisters; and the same fashion 202 EARLY FRENCH ARCHES. prevails in the south of France, which imitated Italyin many things: good examples occur at Aries andMoissac, but they are very common, perhaps more sothan single shafts in that situation. Eaely Feench Aeches have almost invariably asquare soffit, with or without a boutell on the angle,and seldom have any other mouldings. The form ofthe arch depends entirely on its situation : those of theapse are narrow, and usually stilted. The small arcadesalong the side-walls, and those of the triforium, differlittle from similararcades in England, ^|<||except that theshafts have almostalways the squareabacus. But thedouble arcades, onebefore the other,with the archesalternate, such aswe find at Lincoln,Beverley, the gali-lee porch at Ely,and in numerousother examples inEngland, are foundonly in some partof France. Eaely FeenchWindows are eitherplain lancets, or con-. 159. Chartres Cathedral, o. 1220. EARLY FRENCH WINDOWS. 203 sist of two lights under one arch, and the head ofthese is frequently pierced with a circular opening (156),at first plain, afterwards foliated, but still cut throughthe solid stone, and not formed of the mullion-bars; andthere is a considerable interval of solid stone betweenthe heads of the lower lights and these circular open-ings, as at Soissons, Chartres, Bheims, Auxerre, Bourges,&c. At Chartres (159), and in many other instances,the foliated circle is surrounded by a number ofsmall openings, in the form of trefoils or quatrefoils,still pierced through the solid stone, and not formed ofbars, as in the later kind of tra-cery. As the style advanced,the thickness of the interveningspace is gradually diminished,until in the later examples of thisstyle we have actual bar-tracery (160) , but still the early formsof foliated circles and trefoils arepreserved, as at Amiens, N
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