. Electric railway journal . nd these are blown upwith dynamite and cut into small pieces and loaded onsmall cars. These cars are run into brick retorts whichare heated by fire underneath. The spirits and moistureescape in the form of steam through an outlet pipe atthe top and pass through a cold worm and are collectedand distilled in about the same way as at the being distilled it is pumped up into a large tankfor storage or barreled up for shipment. If the distilla-tion has been correctly carried on there results a tur-pentine that contains about 2 per cent water and isknown as w
. Electric railway journal . nd these are blown upwith dynamite and cut into small pieces and loaded onsmall cars. These cars are run into brick retorts whichare heated by fire underneath. The spirits and moistureescape in the form of steam through an outlet pipe atthe top and pass through a cold worm and are collectedand distilled in about the same way as at the being distilled it is pumped up into a large tankfor storage or barreled up for shipment. If the distilla-tion has been correctly carried on there results a tur-pentine that contains about 2 per cent water and isknown as wood turpentine. It will dissolve rosin justlike water does sugar. After the distillation the retorts are opened and thewood is transferred to charcoal ovens. The gases passout through the top in the form of a dense black smokewhile the pitch runs out through a small pipe at thebottom into a vat and while still hot is barreled. Sothat the only parts of the tree that have not been usedare the needles and the gases that Workmen Hewing Cross Ties in Woods One cannot but be impressed by the scale of opera-tions on any large lumbering project, as well as withthe limitations of the present supply of timber for thevarious purposes for which it is being cut, of which themost serious question, from the point of view of theelectric railway industry, is that of ties, poles andpiling. A realization of the desirability of conservingthe present supply as much as possible forces itself uponthe observer at once, and the principal way in whichthis can be accomplished is, of course, by treatment ofthe timber to prevent its principal cause of destruction—decay. Conservation of the present supply can also be aidedthrough careful engineering design of our structures;that is, by using the minimum sizes and lengths con-sistent with good engineering practice. It is believedthat many timber structures have been erected in thepast by rule of thumb methods or in accordance witharbitrary designs
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