A brief history of the nations and of their progress in civilization . tablished inpower, with Critias, an able but depraved man, at their head(404-403 ). Thrasybulus, a patriot, collected the demo-cratic fugitives at Phyle, defeated the Thirty, and seized thePiraeus. Critias Avas slain, and ten oligarchs of a more mod-erate temper were installed in power. The two parties atAthens were reconciled under the influence of Pausanias, the Spartan king. Democracy was re-stored in moderate form under thearchonship of Euclides (403 ).It was shortly after this changethat the trial and death of
A brief history of the nations and of their progress in civilization . tablished inpower, with Critias, an able but depraved man, at their head(404-403 ). Thrasybulus, a patriot, collected the demo-cratic fugitives at Phyle, defeated the Thirty, and seized thePiraeus. Critias Avas slain, and ten oligarchs of a more mod-erate temper were installed in power. The two parties atAthens were reconciled under the influence of Pausanias, the Spartan king. Democracy was re-stored in moderate form under thearchonship of Euclides (403 ).It was shortly after this changethat the trial and death of Socratesoccurred, the wisest and most virtu-ous man of ancient times (399 ).Philosophy. — Socrates stands atthe head of Greek philosophy. Hewas the founder of moral philoso-phy. He was original, being in-debted for his ideas to no previousschool. He opposed the sophists,who instructed young men in logicand letters, taking fees — which wascontrary to the custom of the Greek philosophers — and culti-vating intellectual keenness and dexterity, often at the ex-. Li. {Villa Albani, Rome) PELOPONNESIAN WAR 93 pense of depth and sincerity. The Oracle at Delphi calledSocrates the wisest of men. He attributed this to the factthat he did not erroneously deem himself to be maxim was, Know thyself. By a method of quietcross-examination he made those with whom he conversedaware of their lack of clear ideas and tenable, consistentopinions, and endeavored to guide them aright. The soul andits moral improvement was his principal theme. He assertedTheism, and taught the doctrine of a universal was charged with corrupting the young with his teachings,and with heresy in religion. Plato has given the Apology which Socrates made before his judges. He was convicted,and after conversing with his disciples in his customary tran-quil tone, he drank the cup of hemlock and expired (May,399 ). Plato (429-348 ), the foremost of his disciples, foundedthe philosophic
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