. Construction materials for coastal structures. Coastal engineering; Building materials. resulting from winnowing associated with this process appear to be on the order of 10 percent or more, depending on the original bottom material. d. Artificial Beach Restoration. The placement of sandfill along a part of shore front for beach restoration may be done in three ways. It may be placed directly onto the shore to be protected or developed as a beach; it may be placed in an area adjacent to and updrift of the area to be protected; or it may be placed offshore. That is, it may be directly placed,
. Construction materials for coastal structures. Coastal engineering; Building materials. resulting from winnowing associated with this process appear to be on the order of 10 percent or more, depending on the original bottom material. d. Artificial Beach Restoration. The placement of sandfill along a part of shore front for beach restoration may be done in three ways. It may be placed directly onto the shore to be protected or developed as a beach; it may be placed in an area adjacent to and updrift of the area to be protected; or it may be placed offshore. That is, it may be directly placed, placed to form a feeder beach (designed to be eroded by waves and tidal currents and transported via longshore transport to the area to be protected), or placed as a bar (designed to be transported inshore by waves and currents). To be effective, offshore restoration must involve placing fill in the zone where shoreward movement of the sand occurs, piling it as high as possible, and placing it during the spring or early summer to take full advantage of the seasonal beach building before the annual period of steep winter storm Figure 11. Dredge Chequinquira at dock (photo courtesy of Woodward-Clyde Consultants). Table 4. Characteristics of fill based on nature of borrow material. Nature of Borrow Material Characteristics of Fill Fairly clean sand Silty or clayey sand Stiff cohesive soil Soft cohesive soil Reasonably uniform fill of moderate density (relative density of 40 to 60 percent) Very heterogeneous fill of large void ratio (low relative density) Skeleton of clay balls, with matrix of sand and clay Laminated normally consolidated or unconsolidated clay. 63. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Moffatt & Nichol, Engineers; Coastal Engineering Research Center (U. S. ). Fort Belvoir
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