. The commercial apple industry of North America. odifiedleader type. Starting with a whip headed at 30 to 36 inches, four toseven scaffold branches well distributed along a centraltrunk after the fashion of an as-cending spiral are permitted to re-main and form the framework ofthe tree. It is impossible to se-cure all of these branches from asingle seasons growth, from two tothree being selected the first yearand the remainder later. The per-manent framework may not be se-cured short of three or four point to be remembered isthat scaffold branches should bespaced well apart. Branche
. The commercial apple industry of North America. odifiedleader type. Starting with a whip headed at 30 to 36 inches, four toseven scaffold branches well distributed along a centraltrunk after the fashion of an as-cending spiral are permitted to re-main and form the framework ofthe tree. It is impossible to se-cure all of these branches from asingle seasons growth, from two tothree being selected the first yearand the remainder later. The per-manent framework may not be se-cured short of three or four point to be remembered isthat scaffold branches should bespaced well apart. Branches thatare only two or three inches apartwill be entirely too close when the tree reaches growers prefer scaffold branches one foot apart.(See Fig. 7.) The leader is permitted to develop during the first threeor four years while the framework branches are beingselected. The first years growth will usually consist of analmost upright branch together with several laterals. Itmay be possible to select two or even three well distributed. Fig. 7.— Mature Jon-athan tree with com-mon type of frame-work. Pruning and Thinning 267 scaffold branches after the first year. All others exceptthe leader are removed and the remaining branches are cutback. In order that the leader may dominate for a time,it is left longer than the other branches. Onvigorous trees as much as 40 to 50 per cent of the leaderis removed and from 50 to 60 per cent of the whole question of heading back*is a subject of variedopinion which will be discussed later. Additional laterals will develop during the second or two desirable scaffold branches may then be addedto the framework. The leader and selected laterals aretreated in the manner described for the year previous,although heading back is usually less severe. The system is continued during the third and if neces-sary even to a fourth or fifth year. When suitable scaffoldbranches have been developed, the leader is remo
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, bookpublishernewyo, bookyear1921
