. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. 480 GEOGRAPHIC CONQUESTS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. Prjewalski madr four sopunitc journeys to wcstcin China, and in the iniportanco and extont of his explorations in the heart of the vast eontiiuMit has l)een e(piah»d by none exe(>i)t Sven Hedin. Kichthof(>n and Punipolly in China, Rockhill in Ti])et, Forsyth in P>ast Turkestan, and the faithful, ploddino- pundits of the trioononietiical survey of India north of the Himalayas, are
. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. 480 GEOGRAPHIC CONQUESTS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. Prjewalski madr four sopunitc journeys to wcstcin China, and in the iniportanco and extont of his explorations in the heart of the vast eontiiuMit has l)een e(piah»d by none exe(>i)t Sven Hedin. Kichthof(>n and Punipolly in China, Rockhill in Ti])et, Forsyth in P>ast Turkestan, and the faithful, ploddino- pundits of the trioononietiical survey of India north of the Himalayas, are a few of the many men who have eontributed nnich to the proo-ress of o-eographic knowledge of Fii;. ]•_'.—Asiii as known in ]'.»(M). CONCLUSION. The progress of geograi)hy during th(^ nineteenth century has thus opened to the Avhite man almost every eorner in the inmiense. diverse world of which he is a part. But the even more startling advance in geographic sciences, or, more truly, the creation of these sciences dur- ing the century, has nearly explained iho maimer of origin and the formation of the world itself. Geolog}', which describes the nature and forming of the earth's crust, tells of glacial action, and by means of fossils proves that the earth millions and millions of years ago was covered with life; meteorologv, which studies the conditions gov- erning the heav}' and yet light mantle of the earth; oceanography, which is beginning to explore the lands beneath the oceans, are all geographic conquests of the nineteenth century. The " Dark Conti- nent" at the beginning of the twentieth century is that inuncnse land surface buried beneath the oceans, an area thrice thc^ area of the exposed land surface. Maur^^ and Murra}^ and the soimdings for submarine cables have but scratched the surface as with a pin. To solve the many mysteries which the oceans hide is the problem of the explorer of the tw^entieth centur3^. Please note that these images are ex
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