. The century book of gardening; a comprehensive work for every lover of the garden. Gardening. TREES AND SHRUBS IN GARDEN AND WOODLAND. 373 In planting new places, expense, time, and disappointment are avoided by obtaining trees and shrubs that have been well managed in the nursery. Most trees, to bear trans- portation safely to a distance, entirely denuded of soil for some days, must have very fibrous roots. This means that frequent transplanting in the nursery must be carried out, and it necessarily increases the cost of the plant. But, as many have learnt by experience, the expenditure inc
. The century book of gardening; a comprehensive work for every lover of the garden. Gardening. TREES AND SHRUBS IN GARDEN AND WOODLAND. 373 In planting new places, expense, time, and disappointment are avoided by obtaining trees and shrubs that have been well managed in the nursery. Most trees, to bear trans- portation safely to a distance, entirely denuded of soil for some days, must have very fibrous roots. This means that frequent transplanting in the nursery must be carried out, and it necessarily increases the cost of the plant. But, as many have learnt by experience, the expenditure incurred in furnishing a new garden is less when such plants are obtained at first. Planters should, if possible, see the plants before they are purchased ; they should have short-jointed leads and sturdy stems. A careful planter will avoid all trees with long sappy leads, such as are often to be noticed in Conifers that have remained too long in one place for safe removal. Importance of Trees and Shrubs on Their Own Roots.—In selecting hardy trees and shrubs, give preference to those on their own roots. Grafting and budding are undoubtedly valuable and necessary means of increase, but they have been abused. Grafted Conifers are invariably shorter lived and less vigorous than those raised from seed, and grafted shrubs generally require constant watching to keep down suckers from the stock. The following should especially be avoided . Deodars worked on Larch, Evergreen Oaks on deciduous ones, Cotoneasters and Rubuses on Thorn, Lilacs and Philyreas on Common Lilac or Privet, and, indeed, all grafted plants of which the stock and scion are widely separated in habit or relationship. EVERGREENS.—No class of foreign plants has altered the general aspect and character of our gardens so much as the hardy evergreens. The only native evergreen trees of Great Britain are the Scotch Pine, Yew, Box, and Holly. The number of native evergreen shrubs, especially of the Heath family, is, of co
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