. Changes in product recovery between live and dead lodgepole pine : a compendium. Lodgepole pine; Forests and forestry Economic aspects United States; Wood waste United States. Mountain Pine Beetle The mountain pine beetle typically has a 1-year life cycle (Furniss and Carolin Life Cycle 1977). Mature insects fly in mid-July or August; during endemic infestations they at- tack weaker, less vigorous trees, normally 8 inches and larger in and over 100 years old. In epidemics they are less selective. Initial attack is by females; they mine galleries and lay eggs that hatch in about 2 week
. Changes in product recovery between live and dead lodgepole pine : a compendium. Lodgepole pine; Forests and forestry Economic aspects United States; Wood waste United States. Mountain Pine Beetle The mountain pine beetle typically has a 1-year life cycle (Furniss and Carolin Life Cycle 1977). Mature insects fly in mid-July or August; during endemic infestations they at- tack weaker, less vigorous trees, normally 8 inches and larger in and over 100 years old. In epidemics they are less selective. Initial attack is by females; they mine galleries and lay eggs that hatch in about 2 weeks into larvae that overwinter in that stage. Pupation occurs in early July, and with the emergence of adults the cycle begins again. In California two or three cycles may occur in 1 year, whereas in colder climates and at high elevations one cycle may take 2 years. Infested trees are recognized first by pitch tubes on their trunks and red boring dust in bark crevices and on the ground at the roots. This is followed by discolora- tion of the foliage from normal green to light greenish yellow, then to reddish brown. Deterioration Deterioration occurs in a sequence of events that overlap. First the tree becomes stained, then checked, and eventually it rots at the ground line and falls. Lodgepole pine attacked by the mountain pine beetle begins to deteriorate because of stain before it is dead. The blue stain fungus, mostly Ceratocystis spp., is in- troduced from pouchlike structures on the head of the beetle. Between 30 and 65 percent of the total main stem volume is stained within 9 months (Harvey 1979). By the time the needles have faded to the point that death is certain, the stain has generally infested the tree to the maximum extent (fig. 1).. 1 month 3 months Figure 1.—Stain spores are carried by the mountain pine beetle; 50 percent of the sapwood is stained within 1 month of beetle attack and the entire sapwood is stained within 3 months. Physical deterioration is initial
Size: 2871px × 870px
Photo credit: © The Book Worm / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookcollectionameri, bookcollectionbiodiversity
