. Cyclopedia of textile work : a general reference library on cotton, woollen and worsted yarn manufacture, weaving, designing, chemistry and dyeing, finishing, knitting, and allied subjects . hich takes oft tlie lighter nap and clears the fabric. A combina-tion macliine to perfoiiii both ()[)erations is sometimes used. The principle of the singeing is to pass the cloth over heatedmetallic rolls or plates, or through a series of gas flames, at sucha speed as to allow the surface inetiualities and nap to be burnedoff without burning tlie body of the fabric. In the roller singeing machine (See F
. Cyclopedia of textile work : a general reference library on cotton, woollen and worsted yarn manufacture, weaving, designing, chemistry and dyeing, finishing, knitting, and allied subjects . hich takes oft tlie lighter nap and clears the fabric. A combina-tion macliine to perfoiiii both ()[)erations is sometimes used. The principle of the singeing is to pass the cloth over heatedmetallic rolls or plates, or through a series of gas flames, at sucha speed as to allow the surface inetiualities and nap to be burnedoff without burning tlie body of the fabric. In the roller singeing machine (See Fig. 19) the cloth ispassed in the full width over a hollow roller R that is kept at a red 60 TEXTILP: CIIEMISTliY AND DYEING. 51 heat by the passage of tlit; llame from the furnace F, through it tothe chhnney C. The principle of the plate singeing will be easily understoodfrom Fig. 20. The plates are usually of copper and may be heatedby coal, petroleum, or gas. Fig. 21 shows a plate singer in opera-tion. Gas singeing machines vary somewhat in construction, but(Fig. 22) Avill serve as a good illustration. The cloth is passe(lfull widtli through one or more series of gas llanies, coming. Fig. 21. Plate Singer in Operation. from rows of Bunsen burners. The principle will be easily under-stood from Figs. 23 and 24. The flames come in contact withthe cloth while the latter is being passed with considerable tensionover the rolls N N . This causes the nap to stand out as much aspossible. B in Fig. 23 represents the end burner of the series,and 11 a hood tlirough which a draught is constantly passing. Upon leaving the singeing machine the cloth is often passedrapidly through water, or a steam box, in order to extinguish anysparks that might remain u[)on the surface. Concerning the relative value of plate and gas singeing, itmay be said that with the former the surface is very thoroughlysinged, with little if any singeing l)etween the threads ; whilewith gas singeing there is less acti
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