. Elementary text-book of zoology, tr. and ed. by Adam Sedgwick, with the assistance of F. G. Heathcote. DIPTERA. 575 are set in vibration beneath two external valves by the expiration of air. Sub-order 1. Pupipara* (fig. 476). Lice flies. The body is stout; the three thoracic segments are fused together, the abdomen is broad and often flattened. The antennse are short, and often consist' of but two joints. The suctorial proboscis is formed by the upper lip (labrum) and the maxilla?. The legs are provided with toothed clasping claws, and the wings may be rudimentary or absent. The development
. Elementary text-book of zoology, tr. and ed. by Adam Sedgwick, with the assistance of F. G. Heathcote. DIPTERA. 575 are set in vibration beneath two external valves by the expiration of air. Sub-order 1. Pupipara* (fig. 476). Lice flies. The body is stout; the three thoracic segments are fused together, the abdomen is broad and often flattened. The antennse are short, and often consist' of but two joints. The suctorial proboscis is formed by the upper lip (labrum) and the maxilla?. The legs are provided with toothed clasping claws, and the wings may be rudimentary or absent. The development of the embryo and of the larva takes place in the uterus-like vagina. The maggot which issues from the egg (without pharyngeal framework or buccal hooks) swallows the secretion of large glandular appendages of the uterus (fig. 451); it undergoes several moults, and is completely developed when it is born, which occurs just before it enters the pupal stage. They are parasitic, like lice, on the skin of warm-blooded animals, rarely of insects. Braula cccca, Nitzsch., Bee louse. Nyctei"ibia Latreillei Curt., without eyes and is parasitic on species of Vespertilio. Jfclojrfiagim orintis L., Sheeptick. Anapera pallida parasitic on Swallows. Hippobosca L., Sub-order 2. Brachycera (Flies). Body of very various a shape, frequently thick and FIG. m.—Gafirophiius eqai (after i'. ., T , i a, Larva, b, Male. stout, with an abdomen com- posed of from five to eight segments. Antennas short, and usually composed of three joints with large, usually secondarily ringed terminal joint, to which is attached a simple or ringed bristle. Wings are almost always present. The larvae live in decaying matter in earth and water, partly also as parasites; they are, in great part, maggots with hooked jaws, and pass into the pupal stage within the moulted cask-shaped larval skin (fig. 477). Many of them have the form of a pupa obtecta. Tribe 1. Muscaria. With frontal vesicle; prob
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