. The science and practice of dental surgery. Fig. 196.—Normal type, showing points of measure-ment (in tlie same plane). Mandibular angle, 115°;profile angle, 75°. Note that the facial line isalmost parallel with the ramus. Contrast thiswith Figs. 198, 199, and 200, in which the corre-sponding lines converge in descent. (W. Rushton :Trans. ; Dental Record.) parts affected by different kinds of movementby dividing the dento-facial area into fourzones, the upper apical and coronal, and thelower coronal and apical, the two former beingmodifiable by movement of the roots and crowns of th


. The science and practice of dental surgery. Fig. 196.—Normal type, showing points of measure-ment (in tlie same plane). Mandibular angle, 115°;profile angle, 75°. Note that the facial line isalmost parallel with the ramus. Contrast thiswith Figs. 198, 199, and 200, in which the corre-sponding lines converge in descent. (W. Rushton :Trans. ; Dental Record.) parts affected by different kinds of movementby dividing the dento-facial area into fourzones, the upper apical and coronal, and thelower coronal and apical, the two former beingmodifiable by movement of the roots and crowns of the u]iper teeth respectively, andthe two latter by similar movements of the lowerteeth (see !). Careful observation andjudgement are re(juu-ed in determining the ex-tent to which an unperfect facial contour is. Fig. 197.—Boy just under ten. Normal type. Tonsilsremoved at the age of six. (W. Rushton : : D-nlal Record.) dependent on dental malf)osition ; and in con-sidering the possibility of modifying it beneficiallyby tooth movement, or on the other hand, therisk of magnifying the imperfection by a methodof treatment based only on considerations ofocclusion. The matter «ill be dealt withfurther under Diagnosis . This question of the extent to which de-formities of the mandible are associated ^^itherrors of occlusion has been carefuUy investi-gated by W. Rushton (139), who has made alarge number of measurements of skulls andliving subjects—adults and children. Hewrites : I had been struck by thatthe angle formed by the ascending ramus withthe body of the mandible varied in differentpeople. It is an equally true observation thatthe chief feature of facial abnormality is causedby the position of the mandible being anterioror posterior to its proper position. My ob


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectdentistry, bookyear19