. The dispersal of shells, an inquiry into the means of dispersal possessed by fresh-water and land Mollusca. smallbivalves attached to crayfishes {Astacus fluviatilis) inponds in the environs of Brie-Comte-Robert, Seine-et-Marne. Every crayfish taken from a pond called lamare a rAnglaishad shells upon its toes; anotherpond, close by, also contained individuals similarlyencumbered, and a man living at Brunoy, who was in ^ J. E. Todd, Chelydra versus Unio,^^ American Naturalist,xvii. (1883), 428 ; see also Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Mala-kozoologischen Gesellschaft, 1883, p. 93 ; and I am in
. The dispersal of shells, an inquiry into the means of dispersal possessed by fresh-water and land Mollusca. smallbivalves attached to crayfishes {Astacus fluviatilis) inponds in the environs of Brie-Comte-Robert, Seine-et-Marne. Every crayfish taken from a pond called lamare a rAnglaishad shells upon its toes; anotherpond, close by, also contained individuals similarlyencumbered, and a man living at Brunoy, who was in ^ J. E. Todd, Chelydra versus Unio,^^ American Naturalist,xvii. (1883), 428 ; see also Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Mala-kozoologischen Gesellschaft, 1883, p. 93 ; and I am indebted toMr. Todd for having communicated some additional particulars, G 2 84 THE DISPERSAL OF SHELLS. the habit of procuring these animals for the market,informed the observer that he had noticed the samephenomenon in some other ponds in the every one of the eight ambulatoiy legshad a shell clinging to it, so that the animal appearedas if wearing clogs. The shells in question are spokenof as Cyclas foniinalis but as Mr. Heynemann, whohad the kindness to draw my attention to these. KIG. 6. Astacus fluviatilis & Cyclas fontinalis. After Girard, Annales de la Socii^t^entomologique de France, (3), vii. (1859), pl> 4) fig* ?• observations, points out, M. Girard describes andfigures a much larger shell (Fig. 6)} Professor Rossmassler ^ mentions that zebra mussels{Dreissena polyrnorpha) have frequently been foundattached, by the byssus, to the tails of crayfishes. 1 Professor Girard, Annales de la Societe entomologique deFrance, (3), vii. (1859), 137-142. As quoted in Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist., (3), xviii. p. 494, CHAPTER IV. TRANSPLANTATION OF UNIVALVES. Operculate water-snails, it seems possible, may some-times be transported while clinging by closure of theoperculum to the legs of aquatic creatures of certainkinds. Water-beetles and other such animals, walkingamongst the branches of aquatic weeds or upon themud at the bottoms of pools and slow-flowing r
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