. Modern surgery, general and operative. Fig. 651.—Safety pin, open and point upward, in the esophagus of a child, aged elevenmonths. Removed by peroral esophagoscopy. malignancy are readily diagnosticated by clinical appearances and by thetaking of specimens for biopsy. With the forceps, E, Fig. 627, a specimen oftissue is ver}^ readily taken, and it is safe to do so in case of fungating, ulceratingor projecting growths, or any process involving the esophageal wall itself. Inthe case of peri-esophageal growths compressing the esophagus, and coveredwith normal mucosa, it doubtless involves ris
. Modern surgery, general and operative. Fig. 651.—Safety pin, open and point upward, in the esophagus of a child, aged elevenmonths. Removed by peroral esophagoscopy. malignancy are readily diagnosticated by clinical appearances and by thetaking of specimens for biopsy. With the forceps, E, Fig. 627, a specimen oftissue is ver}^ readily taken, and it is safe to do so in case of fungating, ulceratingor projecting growths, or any process involving the esophageal wall itself. Inthe case of peri-esophageal growths compressing the esophagus, and coveredwith normal mucosa, it doubtless involves risks and may prove disappointingbecause the disease lies beyond reach and the specimen will include only normal covering. Growths in the left half of the stomach can befound wth the esophagoscope, and specimens taken, constituting gastroscopy;but doubtless this procedure will be most frequently of use in cases that refuseexploratory operation. In cases of pulsion diverticulum the diagnosis is madeby the discovery of a bl
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