The border wars of New England, commonly called King William's and Queen Anne's wars . The insult stung ProtestantEngland to thequick. In a fewshort monthsWilliam followedJames to thegrave, hut hisS])irit still sur-vived, the resortto arms was fullyaccepted, and wardeclared on May4, 1702. Willing or un-willing, the colo-nics of the twogreat belliger-ents were nonethe less to bedragged into thequarrel, though under conditions widely different fromthose existing in Europe. The coming ordeal was in-deed one to make men thoughtful, yet there are nosigns of faltering. There were in all New England
The border wars of New England, commonly called King William's and Queen Anne's wars . The insult stung ProtestantEngland to thequick. In a fewshort monthsWilliam followedJames to thegrave, hut hisS])irit still sur-vived, the resortto arms was fullyaccepted, and wardeclared on May4, 1702. Willing or un-willing, the colo-nics of the twogreat belliger-ents were nonethe less to bedragged into thequarrel, though under conditions widely different fromthose existing in Europe. The coming ordeal was in-deed one to make men thoughtful, yet there are nosigns of faltering. There were in all New England about 120,000 per-sons of all ages. Although New England had themost men, Canada invariably had the better leaders. James died at St. Germain, September 16, 1701, at the age of QUEEN ANNE. 1702-1703] THE NEW OUTLOOK 143 Military men were chosen there to condnct military en-ter2)rises. There were none such in New En<^laiid. Bor-der warfare was the only school in which her rude yeo-manry had been trained up, and as soon as the exiyeucywas over they returned to their farms or Canadian yeomanry, on the contrary, ^ . .^ J J -J Canada and New being mostly hunters, boatmen, or wood- England com-rangers, and always in the woods, were ^^ about as well skilled in forest warfare as the savageswith whom they fraternized; so that disparity in num-bers was by no means the true measure of the ability ofthe combatants. There was, however, an enrolment of the colonialmilitia into regiments, troops, and companies. Butwith only an annual muster to bring them togethertheir discipline stood small chance of being truth is that the spirit of the people was unalterablyopposed to a permanent military establishment of anysort whatever. Their fathers, in
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