. The Street railway journal . would be fastened to the stringer with, ahorizontal spike—would much more effec-tually resist turning of the stringer, thanthe short inner cast-iron knee. By slightly boxing out the top of thestringer so that the upper end of the flattie-rod could be turned over and spikedwith a vertical spike to the stringer beforethe rail was put on the stringer, the resis-. tance to turning would be even greaterthan where the upper end of the tie wasspiked by a horizontal spike to the side ofthe stringer. We have not had time nor opportunity toget estimates on cost of making a


. The Street railway journal . would be fastened to the stringer with, ahorizontal spike—would much more effec-tually resist turning of the stringer, thanthe short inner cast-iron knee. By slightly boxing out the top of thestringer so that the upper end of the flattie-rod could be turned over and spikedwith a vertical spike to the stringer beforethe rail was put on the stringer, the resis-. tance to turning would be even greaterthan where the upper end of the tie wasspiked by a horizontal spike to the side ofthe stringer. We have not had time nor opportunity toget estimates on cost of making and put-ting in these properly applied tensionpieces, as against the compression piecesat present wrongly used and improperlyapplied as tension-members; nor as totheir probable time of lasting and keepingthe track firm; should like the opinion ofour readers on the whole subject. What Are Taxes For? In view of the recent Chicago riot, thequestion arises—What are taxes for ? The answer is simple : partly to pay forwater, paving and other such matters, ne-cessary to health, comfort, proper transac-tion of business, ai:d easy intercourse, andpleasant to the senses; and partly to pay forjails, police, militia, and other guardianagencies which protect the law-abiding fromthe vicious, and the intelligent from theuneducated. The people who pay most of the moneyfor jails and police are not


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectstreetr, bookyear1884