. The nursery-book; a complete guide to the multiplication of plants . apply a bit ofwax to the tops of the cion also. All the woundsmust be covered securely. The top-grafting of large trees is an important^iuthM) operation, and there are many men who make ita business. These men usually charge by the stuband warrant, the warrant meaning that one cion of the stubmust be alive when the counting is done late in two to three cents a stub is a common price. A goodgrafter in good setting can graft from 400 to 800 stubs aday and wax them himself. Much depends upon the sizeof the trees, t
. The nursery-book; a complete guide to the multiplication of plants . apply a bit ofwax to the tops of the cion also. All the woundsmust be covered securely. The top-grafting of large trees is an important^iuthM) operation, and there are many men who make ita business. These men usually charge by the stuband warrant, the warrant meaning that one cion of the stubmust be alive when the counting is done late in two to three cents a stub is a common price. A goodgrafter in good setting can graft from 400 to 800 stubs aday and wax them himself. Much depends upon the sizeof the trees, their shape, and the amount of pruning whichmust be done before the grafter can work in them handily. TOP-GRAFTING OLD TREES. 123 Every man who owns an orchard of any extent should beable to do his own grafting. The most important factor inthe top-grafting of an old tree is the shaping of the old top is to be removed during three or four or fiveyears, and a new one is to be grown in its place. If thetree is old, the original plan or shape of the top will have. I2y. Topgrafted old tree. to be followed in its general outlines. The branchesshould be grafted, as a rule, where they do not exceed aninch and a half in diameter, as cions do better in suchbranches, the wounds heal quickly, and the injury to thetree is less than when very large stubs are used. The op-erator should endeavor to cut all the leading stubs at 124 GRAFTAGE. approximately equai distances from the center of the tree ;and then, to prevent the occurrence of long and pole-like branches, various minorside-branches should begrafted. These will serveto fill out the new top andto afford footholds for prun-ers and pickers. Fig. 127 isa good illustration of an oldtree just top-grafted. Manystubs should be set, and atleast all the prominentbranches should be grafted if thetree has been well-trained. It isbetter to have toomany stubs and to beobliged to cut outsome of them in afteryears, than to havetoo few. Small t
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