Economic entomology for the farmer Economic entomology for the farmer and the fruit grower, and for use as a text-book in agricultural schools and colleges; economicentomol00smit Year: 1906 THE IXSECT WORLD. 241 Fig. 250. inches. Many of the Lcpidoptera are useful in pollenizing flowers, some, indeed, depending entirely upon them for their continued existence, but, on the other hand, the caterpillars, as the larvie are usually called, are among the most troublesome and injurious insects with which the agriculturist has to deal. The transformation in this order is comj^lete, and a greater diff
Economic entomology for the farmer Economic entomology for the farmer and the fruit grower, and for use as a text-book in agricultural schools and colleges; economicentomol00smit Year: 1906 THE IXSECT WORLD. 241 Fig. 250. inches. Many of the Lcpidoptera are useful in pollenizing flowers, some, indeed, depending entirely upon them for their continued existence, but, on the other hand, the caterpillars, as the larvie are usually called, are among the most troublesome and injurious insects with which the agriculturist has to deal. The transformation in this order is comj^lete, and a greater difference than that between caterpillar and butterfly can hardly be imagined ; while in the chrysalis or pupa we have a quiescent period where scarcely even the form of the future insect is indi- cated, and when it is absolutely incapable of motion. Broadly, the order is divided into butterflies and moths, or, more accurately, the Rhopalocera and Heterocera. Rlwpalocera are those in which the antennae, or feelers, terminate in a more or less distinct knob or club at the tip, and in which at least the front pair of wings are elevated or vertical when at rest, so that the upper surfaces touch. The Heterocera, on the other hand, have feelers, or anten- nae, of many different kinds, but never in our fauna distinctly clubbed. The wings when the insect is at rest are horizontal, folded on the back or close to the sides, oblique, roof-like, or spread out flat, but never habitually ver- tical. In general it may be said that the butterflies are on the wing during the day, and fly dur- ing the night only in rare in- stances ; moths, on the other hand, are night flyers, as a rule, though there are many exceptions, and a number of species occur commonly during the day. The butterflies separate readily into groups based on the char- acter of the feet and the situation of the antennae. What may be called for convenience the ' true butterflies ' are distinguished by having the feelers set close
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