. The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: the Americas. Peru Number of species identified worldwide, in the Neotropics and in Peru. Number of Species Croup Worldwitle Neotropics Amphibians 'iOO 1,926 Reptiles Birds Mammals 1,232 Percentage in Peru Pern Warlclutde Neotropics 241 1 13 298 5 12 1,701 18 44 359 9 29 Plants 150,000 35,000 23 Source: CDC-UNALM (1191) the number of species in some floral and faunal groups in Peru, in the Neotropics and worldwide. Peru's endemic animal species include 35 mammals. 90 birds. 69 reptiles. 96 amphibia
. The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: the Americas. Peru Number of species identified worldwide, in the Neotropics and in Peru. Number of Species Croup Worldwitle Neotropics Amphibians 'iOO 1,926 Reptiles Birds Mammals 1,232 Percentage in Peru Pern Warlclutde Neotropics 241 1 13 298 5 12 1,701 18 44 359 9 29 Plants 150,000 35,000 23 Source: CDC-UNALM (1191) the number of species in some floral and faunal groups in Peru, in the Neotropics and worldwide. Peru's endemic animal species include 35 mammals. 90 birds. 69 reptiles. 96 amphibians and 50 fish. Endemism is high- est in the areas thought to be Pleistocene refuges, such as Marafion, Huallaga. Pachitea-Ucayali, Chanchaiuayo- Apurimac, Urubainba, Inambari, Loreto and Napo. Peru has more than 35,000 species of vascular plants, includ- ing at least 2300 species of orchids. Near Iquitos, 300 different species of trees may be found in one hectare (Gentry, 1988). The areas with the greatest diversity of flora are, first, the eastern slopes of the Andes and second, the lower selva. The dry north- western forests are also species rich, while the coastal Lomas are the habitat of some seriously endangered endemic plant species. Some of the world's most important crop plants originated in Peru. These include the potato, tomato and tobacco. Several medicinal plants, for instance cinchona or Peruvian bark (for quinine) and plants for industrial use also originated there. Other Andean crops, such as the grain called quinua Chenopocliuiii c/iiiiimi and tarwi Liipimts a legume, are being increasingly cultivated outside Peru. Thirty eight threatened mammals are found in Peru (Groombridge, 1993); these include the uakari Cacajao catviis. the yellow-tailed woolly monkey Lagothrix flavicaiicia. the mountain tapir Tapinis pinchaqiie and the giant otter Prerommi A number of mammals are important food sources for local people; they include the collar
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