. The American fruit culturist. Fig. 233.—Spring Canker-worm.—Larva; female; male. in length, and finally develop into small moths, the femalesof which (Fig. 233) have no wings. There are several differ-ent kinds of canker-worms, and they often work together inthe same orchard. They consume the foliage, except the largerleaf veins, and give the trees a scorched appearance from adistance, so that the insects are known as fire-worms insome localities. We have seen thousands of acres of apple. Fig. 234.—Fall Canker-worm.—Female; male ; larva. orchards in Western New York defoliated by these pests
. The American fruit culturist. Fig. 233.—Spring Canker-worm.—Larva; female; male. in length, and finally develop into small moths, the femalesof which (Fig. 233) have no wings. There are several differ-ent kinds of canker-worms, and they often work together inthe same orchard. They consume the foliage, except the largerleaf veins, and give the trees a scorched appearance from adistance, so that the insects are known as fire-worms insome localities. We have seen thousands of acres of apple. Fig. 234.—Fall Canker-worm.—Female; male ; larva. orchards in Western New York defoliated by these pests in asingle season. They spread rather slowly from orchard toorchard. In some localities the kind known as the fall canker-worm{Anisopteryx po?netaria) (Fig. 234) is the most numerous, whilein other sections the spring canker-worm {Paleacrita vernata)(Fig, 233) far outnumbers any others. At least two otherkinds may also occur in injurious numbers; they are the lime-tree winter-moth Hybernia tiliaria, and Bruces canker-wormRachcla bruceata. 172 DESTRUCTIVE INSECTS. The moths of the fall canker-worm and of the two last-named species emerge in the fall, while the spring canker-worm moths appear in March and April. In each case thewingless females have to crawl up the tree, where they laytheir eggs on the bark. The eggs of each species hatch aboutthe same time in the spring, as the leaves begin to unfold,and the caterpillars feed ravenously for about a month. Theythen disappear into
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