. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. IOO BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. THE CLEANING AND STERILIZATION OF GLASSWARE AND INSTRUMENTS. New glassware may be boiled in soap-suds, rinsed thoroughly, soaked in the chromic-acid cleaning mixture for some hours, rinsed in hydrant water, soaked in several changes of distilled water, soaked or shaken in alcohol, and finally rinsed iu distilled water. Neglect to wash in alcohol will frequently leave behind on the walls of the test-tubes an invisible film which causes vexatious precipitates in beef- bouillon, etc. Discarded tubes, fla
. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. IOO BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. THE CLEANING AND STERILIZATION OF GLASSWARE AND INSTRUMENTS. New glassware may be boiled in soap-suds, rinsed thoroughly, soaked in the chromic-acid cleaning mixture for some hours, rinsed in hydrant water, soaked in several changes of distilled water, soaked or shaken in alcohol, and finally rinsed iu distilled water. Neglect to wash in alcohol will frequently leave behind on the walls of the test-tubes an invisible film which causes vexatious precipitates in beef- bouillon, etc. Discarded tubes, flasks, and dishes containing living organisms must be autoclaved or filled with the chromic-acid cleaning mixture before they are washed. Some responsible person should attend to this. If acid is used it should be allowed to act for some hours. Petri dishes should fit together well, but not tightly, and should be double- wrapped in clean Manila paper before placing them in the hot-air oven, or else should be inclosed in suitable tin boxes. The writer prefers to wrap them. The paper for this purpose may be 12 by 12 inches. The dish should be placed in the middle. The sides of the paper are folded over it; the corners of the projecting ends are then turned iu, leaving V - shaped flaps, which are folded down on to the plate. The second cover- 1^—^ ^ ing is folded at right angles to \^ "S^/ ^^ the first and on the other side ' • » of the dish. Dishes treated in this way and ready for steril- ization are shown in fig. 85. Pipettes should be dry-heated in the tin boxes already men- tioned (fig. 37) after having the upper end carefully plugged with cotton, which should not project. Knives, scalpels, scrapers, spatulas, needles, forceps, etc., may be sterilized in the Bunsen flame, or, if needed cold in quantity, may be wrapped in Manila paper or put uncovered into short tin boxes and heated in the dry oven at 140° C. for two hours. Petri dishes, test-tubes, and all other appa
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