. The gardener's assistant; a practical and scientific exposition of the art of gardening in all its branches. e with the increasing summerheat, and under such conditions vegetation can-not prosper. Various kinds of drains are formed to suitdifferent circumstances; they are either open orcovered. Open Drains.—The open drain, or ditch, wasdoubtless the original mode of draining offsuperfluous moisture, but it is now generallysuperseded by covered drains. These economizethe ground and they are usually the cheapest,open drains being apt to break down at thesides, and fill up with weeds, so that m
. The gardener's assistant; a practical and scientific exposition of the art of gardening in all its branches. e with the increasing summerheat, and under such conditions vegetation can-not prosper. Various kinds of drains are formed to suitdifferent circumstances; they are either open orcovered. Open Drains.—The open drain, or ditch, wasdoubtless the original mode of draining offsuperfluous moisture, but it is now generallysuperseded by covered drains. These economizethe ground and they are usually the cheapest,open drains being apt to break down at thesides, and fill up with weeds, so that muchexpense for frequent scouring is incurred. Intheir usual form, moreover, open drains orditches in or near gardens aie unsightly. Ifthey are in any case admitted, they should be made in the form of ornamental water-courses and utilized for water- and garden with such a system of drainage isshown in fig. 809. Covered Drains.—Some of these are formed bycutting out a narrow trench and making thebottom still more narrow, so that, when a thickturf is put in, a cavity for the water is left at. CALE: 200 FEET TO 1 INCH Fig. 800.—Site for Kitchen-Garden where there is rising wet ground north of site. The plan fordrainage shows how surface water is Drevented from entering kitchen-garden. The drains are con-ducted to centre of garden to form a wide open ditch or canal suitable for irrigation and the cultureof Aquatic and Bog Plants. The kitchen-garden is also drained into canal. Example of such a centrecanal is at Crichel, Dorsetshire. the bottom; while others are filled up withfagots. It is needless, however, to noticethese particularly, as stone or tile drains areso much superior to them. Where suitable stones are plentiful theyshould be used for the purpose of draining;and drain tiles or pipes can be obtained of anydesirable shape, and at a reasonable rate, owingto the improved machinery employed in theirmanufacture. In some cases it is desirable toconstruct stone
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