. Conodonts of the Lower Border group and equivalent strata (lower carboniferous) in Northern Cumbria and the Scottish Borders, Conodonts; Paleontology; Paleontology; Conodonts; Paleontology. 1mm TEXT-FIG. 9. Ontogeny of Pa and Pb elements of Taphrognathus varians. Figures based on actual specimens with broken parts restored: a) ROM 48831; b) ROM 48828; c) ROM 48830; d) NG2/267; e) TGI/569; 0 ROM 48829; g) ROM 48824; h) ROM 48825; i) ROM 48822; j) ROM 48834; k) TG1/439; 1) ROM 48832. far outnumber morphotype I and II elements (Text-Fig. 11; categories A-G). This disproportionate represen
. Conodonts of the Lower Border group and equivalent strata (lower carboniferous) in Northern Cumbria and the Scottish Borders, Conodonts; Paleontology; Paleontology; Conodonts; Paleontology. 1mm TEXT-FIG. 9. Ontogeny of Pa and Pb elements of Taphrognathus varians. Figures based on actual specimens with broken parts restored: a) ROM 48831; b) ROM 48828; c) ROM 48830; d) NG2/267; e) TGI/569; 0 ROM 48829; g) ROM 48824; h) ROM 48825; i) ROM 48822; j) ROM 48834; k) TG1/439; 1) ROM 48832. far outnumber morphotype I and II elements (Text-Fig. 11; categories A-G). This disproportionate representation and the absence of morphotype III elements in the collection of Austin and Mitchell (1975) suggests that morphotype II elements did not pair with morphotype III elements (Class Ilia symmetry). Too few morphotype II specimens were available to test this hypothesis statistically. Not enough morphotype I specimens have been recovered in this study to assess their symmetry in the Northumberland trough. Pa element pairing in T. varians morphotype III can, however, be statistically analyzed. Because it cannot be assumed that the data for each of the categories H to M are normally distributed and do not have significantly different variances, nonparametric procedures were used. Of the 288 morphotype III Pa elements that have been categorized, 133 are sinistral (H, I, J) and 155 are dextral (K, L, M). Spearman's rank correlation indicates a positive relationship between the distributions of sinistral and dextral elements (P < ) (see Purnell, 1989, for all Spearman's rank correlation data and results). This may be interpreted in two ways: either T. varians that bore morphotype III Pa elements existed in two forms, one with dextral and the other with sinistral Pa elements, which were numerically balanced and had a consistent pattern of co-occurrence; or Pa elements were paired sinistral with dextral and in the same animal. Although some cavus- gnathids may have had Pa eleme
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