The archaeology and prehistoric annals of Scotland . s noroom to doubt that it belongs to the twelfth century, when the olderRomanesque was being modified by many novel additions prior to itsabandonment for the First-pointed style ; and there can be littlerisk of error in recognising in the church of St. Rule the basilicaof Bishop Robert, the founder of the Priory of Canons Regular ofSt. Andrews, about 1144. The bishop had much to reform atSt. Andrews ere either his new foundation or his Episcopal see wereplaced on the creditable footing in which he left them to his suc-cessor ; and we ma
The archaeology and prehistoric annals of Scotland . s noroom to doubt that it belongs to the twelfth century, when the olderRomanesque was being modified by many novel additions prior to itsabandonment for the First-pointed style ; and there can be littlerisk of error in recognising in the church of St. Rule the basilicaof Bishop Robert, the founder of the Priory of Canons Regular ofSt. Andrews, about 1144. The bishop had much to reform atSt. Andrews ere either his new foundation or his Episcopal see wereplaced on the creditable footing in which he left them to his suc-cessor ; and we may, with little hesitation, ascribe the singular pro-portions of the church of St. Rule to the desire of giving with hisfirst slender means the utmost dignity that they admitted of to themetro])olitan church. The early chapter seals of St. Andrews affordsome of the few undoubted examples of a designed and tolerablyaccurate portraiture of an ancient church. The oldest of these, a sealattached to a charter 11 GO, but itself no doubt of a somewhat. (J14 THE CHKISTIAN PEHIUl). earlier date, shews the miniature cathedral as it probably originallyappeared, with central and west towers, choir, and nave, but alto-gether of much smaller dimensions than the greater number of parishchurches. The windows of two lights in the top of the tower may bocompared to the plainer example, divided by a cylindrical shaft, withcushioned capital, and moulded base, in the lower part of the towerof Dunblane Cathedral, a fragment of the first cathedral of St. Blane,possibly of the time of Can more, and certainly not later than thereign of Alexander I. But the lighter and more ornate style of thoseof St. Rule fully accord with the later date assigned to it here. Specimens of Romanesque parish churches are by no means rare inScotland. Besides those of Leuchars and Dalmeny may be namedDuddingston, Ratho, and Borthwick, Mid-Lothian; Gulane, East-Lothian ; Ui)hall, Abercorn, and Kirkliston, West-Lothian; S
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