. The American fruit culturist. amuch smaller scale(Fig. 222, d). The oldscales may remain onthe bark for a year ormore, and oftentimesthe living scales may beso numerous as nearlyto cover the bark, asshown in c in Fig. trees are oftenmuch weakened from itsattacks, but it rarelykills apple-trees. One should scrape offall of the scales practi-cable when the tree isdormant, thus removingthe eggs, which are dif-ficult to reach and killwith any wash. Thenwait until about May15th, or as soon as theyoung lice can be seen crawling on the bark, and drench thebark with kerosene emulsion, or a
. The American fruit culturist. amuch smaller scale(Fig. 222, d). The oldscales may remain onthe bark for a year ormore, and oftentimesthe living scales may beso numerous as nearlyto cover the bark, asshown in c in Fig. trees are oftenmuch weakened from itsattacks, but it rarelykills apple-trees. One should scrape offall of the scales practi-cable when the tree isdormant, thus removingthe eggs, which are dif-ficult to reach and killwith any wash. Thenwait until about May15th, or as soon as theyoung lice can be seen crawling on the bark, and drench thebark with kerosene emulsion, or a whale-oil soap solution ofone pound in five gallons of water, or use a kerosene-waterpump with ten per cent, of kerosene. A second applicationmay be necessary a week or ten days later. The Scurfy Bark-louse (Chionaspis furfurtis) is another scalevery commonly met with in orchards, especially on apple andpear-trees. As shown in Fig. 224, it is shaped somewhat likethe oyster-shell bark-louse, and has a similar life-history, but. Fig. 221. Figs. 222 and 223. Tlte Oyster-shell Bark-louse. Fig. 221.—Female scale from below, showingeggs. Fig. 222.—The same from above,greatly enlarged ; (/, male scale, 223.—Female scales. (U. S. Div. of En-tomology.) DESTRUCTIVE INSECTS. 167
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