. First book on anatomy, physiology, and hygiene : for grammar schools and families . iddle andlower part of the lungs. Observation. When the mucous membrane of a few of thelarger branches of the wind-pipe is slightly inflamed, it is calleda cold ; when the inflammation is greater, and extends to thelesser air-tubes, it is called bronchitis. Coughing is a violentexpulsory effort, by which air is suddenly forced through thebronchia and trachea to remove offending matter. What is the disease called when this membrane is inflamed ? 253. De-scribe the trachea. 2-54. What are the bronchia ? To what
. First book on anatomy, physiology, and hygiene : for grammar schools and families . iddle andlower part of the lungs. Observation. When the mucous membrane of a few of thelarger branches of the wind-pipe is slightly inflamed, it is calleda cold ; when the inflammation is greater, and extends to thelesser air-tubes, it is called bronchitis. Coughing is a violentexpulsory effort, by which air is suddenly forced through thebronchia and trachea to remove offending matter. What is the disease called when this membrane is inflamed ? 253. De-scribe the trachea. 2-54. What are the bronchia ? To what may thetrachea and branches be compared ? 255. Describe the air-cells. Whereare they the most numerous ? Mention some diseases of the membranethat lines the bronchia. ANATOMY OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 91 Observation. The structure of the trachea and lungs maybe illustrated by taking these parts of a calf or sheep, andinflating the bronchial tubes by forcing air into the wind-pipewith a pipe or quill. The internal structure may then beseen by opening the different parts. Fig. Fig. 54. A representation of the larynx, trachea, bronchia, and air-cells. 1,1,1, Anoutline of the right lung. 2, 2, 2, An outline of the left lung. 3, The , The trachea. 5, The right bronchial tube. 0, The left bronchial tube. 7, 7, 7,8, 8, 8, Bronchial tubes of right and left lung. 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, Air<el!s. 256. The diaphragm is a flexible, circular partition, that sep-arates the respiratory from the digestive organs, and the chest How can the structure of the trachea and lungs be illustrated ? De-Bcribe tho diaphragm. 92 ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND HYGIENE. from the abdomen. Its margin is attached to the spinal column,the sternum, and cartilages of the lower ribs. In a state of re-pose, its centre rises into the chest in the form of an air is forcibly expelled from the lungs, its upper pointreaches as high as the fourth rib. It is depressed as low as theseventh rib, when
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