. Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine. Veterinary medicine. 366 LUNGS AND PLEURA. two walls of pleura, etc.); the layer of air imprisoned within the pleural cavity is progressively absorbed, provided that it has not been acci- dentally infected; the collapsed and partially splenised lung progres- sively regains its function under the inspiratory efforts, and after some months complete recovery may occur. This termination cannot always be confidently predicted, because complications may arise at any moment ; under no circumstances can complete recovery be anticipated when the primary dis
. Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine. Veterinary medicine. 366 LUNGS AND PLEURA. two walls of pleura, etc.); the layer of air imprisoned within the pleural cavity is progressively absorbed, provided that it has not been acci- dentally infected; the collapsed and partially splenised lung progres- sively regains its function under the inspiratory efforts, and after some months complete recovery may occur. This termination cannot always be confidently predicted, because complications may arise at any moment ; under no circumstances can complete recovery be anticipated when the primary disease is tuberculous. In cases of valvular pneumo-thorax with extreme oppression, attacks of suffocation threatening death as a consequence of excessive intra- pleural pressure, displacement of the mediastinum towards the oppo- site side, compression of the heart, and functional disturbance of the sound lung, it may be worth con- sidering whether the attacks of suffocation and threatened asphyxia can be modified or removed by pre- venting the excess of intra-pleural pressure. By simply passing a stout hollow needle through one of the intercostal spaces, the intra-pleural pressure may be reduced to that of the external atmosphere, and the effects of compression removed. This, however, is a last resort, and has no permanent Fig. 172.—Hydro-pneumo-thorax. I, Point of adhesion of the pleura; P, healthy lung; Ps, splenised lung; E, liquid or purulent exudate; Ca, air cavity constituting pneumo-thorax ; C, heart. HYDRO-PNEUMO-THORAX AND PYO'PNEUMO'THORAX. When pneumo-thorax is set up, it rarely remains simple. In the great majority of cases the pleura becomes infected, either directly, by the lesion which has determined the pneumo-thorax (tubercle, superficial abscess, actinomycotic lesion, etc.), or secondarily, by the penetration of germs from the air or from the bronchus (echinococcosis, emphysema). Simple pneumo-thorax then becomes converted into hydro-pneumo-thorax or
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