Observations on the Neilgherries; including an account of their topography, climate, soil, & productions, and of the effects of the climate on the European constitution .. . cess and the want of supplies. CLIMATE. On this very important subject, I may be excused for enteringat some length, and as what I shall have to state is the resultprincipally of my own observations, closely directed to its natureand effects during the whole of a residence of nearly three years,I have no hesitation in claiming for my statements the merit ofaccuracy at least. There are three circumstances connected with the
Observations on the Neilgherries; including an account of their topography, climate, soil, & productions, and of the effects of the climate on the European constitution .. . cess and the want of supplies. CLIMATE. On this very important subject, I may be excused for enteringat some length, and as what I shall have to state is the resultprincipally of my own observations, closely directed to its natureand effects during the whole of a residence of nearly three years,I have no hesitation in claiming for my statements the merit ofaccuracy at least. There are three circumstances connected with the Neelgherrieswhich must have a material effect on their climate. The first is, their elevation above the level of the sea. The second, their position near the line of demarcation of thetwo monsoons. The third, their isolated position, at a great distance from moun-tains or table-land, of equal or nearly equal height. I. The temperature of the air, as has been ascertained by anumber of experiments, and elaborate calculations founded thereon,undergoes a regular and graduated diminution, as it becomes morerarefied in ascending from the surface of the earth, owing, as is. CLIMATE. 19 well known, to its increased capacity for caloric. A variety offormula? have been given for calculating the exact reduction oftemperature at given heights, hut it will be sufficiently accuratefor our purpose to sav, that at heights not exceeding two miles,the difference is 1° of Fahrenheit for every 300 feet of ascent. Now the mean annual temperature at the level of the sea in thelatitude of the hills, according to the formula? of Mayer, as cor-rected by Playfair, is 83°*, and the height of Ootacamund, abovethe level of the sea, being 7-41G feet, (vide Appendix, Table ofHeights.) the calculation will be as follows I ^ g=24;— the theoreticdifference of temperature between the level of the sea and Ootaca-mund, consequently 83°—24°.72=68°.28 mean annual tempera-ture of Ootacamund. Now it will
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