. Nelson's History of the war. emyslas ideal winter quarters, and to have settled downto the siege under the impression that long beforethe ample commissariat was curtailed relief wouldhave come. The chance given him in late Octoberwas utterly neglected. The defence from the firstwas at the mercy of its own mismanagement, andpassed from blunder to blunder. The Russian armyof investment had nothing to do but to wait on thecertain consequences of their opponents folly. Yet there was a moment when relief came verynear. General Selivanov had never more than100,000 men; inadequate according to the
. Nelson's History of the war. emyslas ideal winter quarters, and to have settled downto the siege under the impression that long beforethe ample commissariat was curtailed relief wouldhave come. The chance given him in late Octoberwas utterly neglected. The defence from the firstwas at the mercy of its own mismanagement, andpassed from blunder to blunder. The Russian armyof investment had nothing to do but to wait on thecertain consequences of their opponents folly. Yet there was a moment when relief came verynear. General Selivanov had never more than100,000 men; inadequate according to the text-books if we regard the numbers of the defence, but THE BATTLES FOR THE PASSES. 63 adequate to the perimeter invested. He had littleor no heavy artillery, so he resolved to adopt themethod of gradual attack. Fortifying his positionall around the outer lines, so that he might be ableto resist any sortie, he instructed his men to sap upto within rifle shot of the forts. Within the en- Main trunk line?• I ? Branch lines. Dukia i^Miles Sketch Map showing the Relation of Przemysl to the GalicianJlailwar-§YStan»<and thfr^efttr/iJ^^SacfWihian ceinte there were over one thousand pieces mounted,including two batteries of the big Skoda of the artillery strength, however, could notbe used against a foe who had few siege guns, andwho moved in close lines of entrenchments. Bythe middle of December, it will be remembered,Ivanov had to fall back from Cracow, as the Austrianattack across the passes uncovered his left flank. 64 HISTORY OF THE WAR. On 15th December the Austrians held the Galiciandebouchments of the Dukla and Lupkow Passes,Dec I c ^^^ ^&rt in Sanok itself, not thirty miles^ from Przemysl. Selivanovs positionwas full of peril. The Austrians coming throughthe passes were conversing by means of searchlightswith the Austrians in the fortress. The enemysguns sounded on both sides of the Russian was the chance for a successful sortie, and on1
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