. The depths of the ocean; a general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the Norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic. Oceanography. PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 241 (per cent) from the normal annual rainfall, (II.) for Chris- tiania, (III.) for Bergen, (IV.) for Germany; (V.) shows the divergences in Norway during the months of October, November, and December. On the whole, the rainfall corresponds well with the transverse section of the coast-water some time after- wards. The rainfall was comparatively small in 1902, and the coast-
. The depths of the ocean; a general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the Norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic. Oceanography. PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 241 (per cent) from the normal annual rainfall, (II.) for Chris- tiania, (III.) for Bergen, (IV.) for Germany; (V.) shows the divergences in Norway during the months of October, November, and December. On the whole, the rainfall corresponds well with the transverse section of the coast-water some time after- wards. The rainfall was comparatively small in 1902, and the coast-water had a small transverse section in May 1903 ; the rainfall was large in 1903, and there was much coast-water in May 1904, and so on. The effect of the rainfall -on the land is not immediately felt in the coast-current off western Norway ; there is a delay which /903 /905. Fig. 166.—Curves showing the Variations in I. the transverse section of the coast-water off Feje (May); II., III., IV., the annual rainfall for Chris- tiania, Bergen, and Germany respectively; V., the rainfall in Norway during October, November, and December. seems to make it possible to predict some time be- forehand if there is going to be much or little coast- water. This is an ex- ample of the predictions likely to be undertaken in the future, when the sea and the air have been more closely studied. We shall now, after these introductory re- marks, examine the ver- tical distribution of salinity in some different places, as found in the cruise of the "Michael ; Fig. 167 represents the physical conditions a little tO the north of the Sar- Sargasso Sea gasso Sea, at Station 65, reglon- on 25th June 1910. In this, as well as in the following figures, the continuous line indicates the salinity, the broken line the temperature, and the dotted line the We see that the salinity is greatest at the surface, per thousand; this is the result of the strong evaporation. It decrease
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