. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. ^rJ-V^u-u Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER April 4, 1917 TESTS OF WESTERN YELLOW PINE CAR SILLS, JOISTS, AND SMALL CLEAR PIECES. By C. W. Zimmerman, Engineer in Forest Products. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 1 Material tested 2 Methods of test 3 Strength values shown by the tests 4 Comparison of results-of tests on large and small pieces 5 Relation between strength values 6 Relation between physical characteristics and mechanical properties 6 Seasoning 11 Effect of seasoning upon strength 11 Conclusions 15 INTRODUCT
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. ^rJ-V^u-u Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER April 4, 1917 TESTS OF WESTERN YELLOW PINE CAR SILLS, JOISTS, AND SMALL CLEAR PIECES. By C. W. Zimmerman, Engineer in Forest Products. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 1 Material tested 2 Methods of test 3 Strength values shown by the tests 4 Comparison of results-of tests on large and small pieces 5 Relation between strength values 6 Relation between physical characteristics and mechanical properties 6 Seasoning 11 Effect of seasoning upon strength 11 Conclusions 15 INTRODUCTION. Western yellow pine, Pinus po7iderosa, is distributed over the greater part of the western United States, but reaches it best devel- opment in California. A varietj^ of the species, known as scopuloi^um, occurs in the Rocky Mountains. It is a smaller tree but has the same botanical structure. Western yellow pine is long lived, attain- ing an age of from 350 to 500 years. The wood is camparatively weak, light, soft, and fine-grained. The heartwood is reddish-yellow, and the sapwood almost white. In some regions the wood is quite resinous; in others it is so free from resin that it is marketed as "white ; The tests described in the following pages were made for the pur- pose of gaining a definite knowledge of the mechanical properties of the wood. They began early in 1912, at the Seattle laboratory of the Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, and have been carried on in cooperation with the University of Washington. The Western Pine Manufacturers' Association contributed the test mate- rial. The tests were similar to those made by the Forest Service on Douglas fir, western hemlock, western larch, and various other species, so that a direct comparison of mechanical properties can be made. 67075°—Bull. 497—17. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration an
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