Outlines of the world's history, ancient, mediæval, and modern, with special relation to the history of civilization and the progress of mankind .. . t wholly uncon-scious. 46. The Egyptians were adeptsin the finer kinds of Arts and man-mechanical art. In f^^ polishing and engraving ofprecious stones, in glass manu-facture, porcelain-making, and inembalming and dyeing, they had attained great skill. Theyraised flax, out of which they made fine linen (linen beingtheir usual article of dress) ; they worked in metals fromthe earliest recorded period; their walls and ceilings theypainted
Outlines of the world's history, ancient, mediæval, and modern, with special relation to the history of civilization and the progress of mankind .. . t wholly uncon-scious. 46. The Egyptians were adeptsin the finer kinds of Arts and man-mechanical art. In f^^ polishing and engraving ofprecious stones, in glass manu-facture, porcelain-making, and inembalming and dyeing, they had attained great skill. Theyraised flax, out of which they made fine linen (linen beingtheir usual article of dress) ; they worked in metals fromthe earliest recorded period; their walls and ceilings theypainted in beautiful patterns, which we still imitate ; and inthe production of articles of use and ornament they hadreached a perfection that modern art has not been ableto surpass. 47. It is known that the Egyptians had some acquaint-ance with certain sciences, especially geome- .try, arithmetic, astronomy, and medicine. Buttheir knowledge can hardly be called science, in the modernsense: they knew truths more as matters of fact and obser-vation than as determined by law. For example, the Greekphilosopher Pythagoras learned from the Egyptian priests. Egyptian Mummy. 26 ANCIENT ORIENTAL MONARCHIES. the fact that the square of the hypothenuse is equal to thesum of the squares of the two other sides ; but it was theGreek mathematician himself who discovered the demonstra-tion of this principle. In accuracy of astronomical obser-vations the Egyptians were surpassed by the geometry was little more than land-surveying. 48. The great characteristic of Egyptian institutions wastheir tmchangeableness. This stationary char- Summing up. . „ . • . acter is seen in Egyptian government, society^religion, art, and learning. Egypt herself was a muminy. CHRONOLOGIC SUMMARY. First Period,orOld Empire. Second Period, orMiddle Empire. Third Period, orNew Empire. B. C. Beginning of Egyptian history with first dynasty of Manetho 2700 Fourth dynasty, or period of the Pyramid-build-ers
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