. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Araneus diadematus group Orb-weavers • Levi 139. Plate 3. Araneus bicentenarius (McCook) in retreat among lichens. West Virginia. Both spider and the lichens are the same shade of green. (From Ektachrome photo by W. A. Shear.) European species. It has been suggested (W. S. Shear, personal communication) that only those that have a retreat in curled up leaves lack humps. Western A. gemmoides and some A. gemma have black bars on the venter, which are distinct "eyes" in A. pima (Plate 4). I assume that when dis
. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Araneus diadematus group Orb-weavers • Levi 139. Plate 3. Araneus bicentenarius (McCook) in retreat among lichens. West Virginia. Both spider and the lichens are the same shade of green. (From Ektachrome photo by W. A. Shear.) European species. It has been suggested (W. S. Shear, personal communication) that only those that have a retreat in curled up leaves lack humps. Western A. gemmoides and some A. gemma have black bars on the venter, which are distinct "eyes" in A. pima (Plate 4). I assume that when disturbed the spider zooms down its signal thread to appear at the center of the orb web. In South America I watched an araneid make maximum use of its ventral spots, which in the particular individual observed were in the shape of a face. The habitat observations reported here are gleaned from the labels on vials. Only mature individuals were used. Most check- lists and literature on habits are unreliable because the species determinations are in doubt and often wrong. The specimens usually have not been turned over to a museum for safe keeping as voucher specimens. In mapping distributions, only specimens examined have been used. Key to Females la. Abdomen with humps or angular anteriorly (Figs. 21, 37, 118) 6 lb. Abdomen oval to spherical, without humps or anterior angles (Figs. 144, 177) 2 2a. Posterior lamellae of epigynum showing on each side in ventral view as large curved folds; scape overhanging a depression bordered on each side (Figs. 1, 107) marmoreus 2b. Posterior lamellae not visible in ventral view or, if visible, scape not overhanging a depression bordered on each side 3 3a. Scape of epigynum with more or less parallel sides, very rarely broken off (Figs. 138, 174) 4 3b. Scape of epigynum tapered toward tip, or often broken off (Figs. 159, 167) 5 4a. Legs banded; a bordered depression on each side of epigynal scape in ventral view (Fig. 174); no median keel in po
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