. Chambers's encyclopaedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge. sands ( school-books)have become rare and even uniqiie in course oftime ; others have been so from tlie first throughthe intentional limitation of the numbers common device to enhance the market value of abook is to issue only a few copies and promise todestroy the plates. Thus the word edition conveysno idea of number. See Egger, Histoirc du Lie re(Paris, ); Bouchot, The Printed Book (1887). Bookbiudill.^ is the art of connecting togetherin a durable and convenient manner the severalparts of a book. Before the i
. Chambers's encyclopaedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge. sands ( school-books)have become rare and even uniqiie in course oftime ; others have been so from tlie first throughthe intentional limitation of the numbers common device to enhance the market value of abook is to issue only a few copies and promise todestroy the plates. Thus the word edition conveysno idea of number. See Egger, Histoirc du Lie re(Paris, ); Bouchot, The Printed Book (1887). Bookbiudill.^ is the art of connecting togetherin a durable and convenient manner the severalparts of a book. Before the invention of printing,the l)inding of manuscript books, which in thosedays consisted chiefly of Bibles, Psalters, Books ofHours, and other works of an ecclesiastical char-acter, was performed by various orders of monks,who prepared the books up to a certain point readyfor ornamentation by the goldsmith and jeweller;and the earliest works from the press were at firstprinted and bound in direct imitation of thesemanuscript volumes. Fig. 1 is cojjied from the side. Fig. 1. of a Book of Hours l)ound in the early monastic,or, as it is commonly called, Byzantine style,with a figure of Clirist carved on an ivory plaquein the middle, surrounded by gold filigree workand sixteen jewels. It was not till the eml ofthe 15th century, when the printing-press had be-come common in Italy, that landing took rank as anart by itself, and it was probably in tlie workshopsof Aldo Manuzio (Aldus), the famous printer ofVenice, that <lecorative art of the highest characterAvas first applied to the ornamentation of book-covers. Tliere are in the National Library atParis, books bound for an Italian connoisseurnamed Tommaso Maioli, and for another celebrated bibliophile, Jean Grolier of Lyons (1479-1565), atone time to the Duke of ^lilan, which areunsurpassed in beauty of design and workmanshipat the present day. Tliis taste for artistic book-binding soon spread to France, Avliere the king an
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