. The depths of the ocean : a general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the Norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic. "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep-sea Expedition (1910); Oceanography; North Atlantic Ocean. INVERTEBRATE BOTTOM FAUNA 531 where in both the arctic and the boreal regions, while others are generally limited within the arctic region to water having temperatures just about or above o' C. These last are inter- mediate forms between this and the following category, and include, for instance, the prawn
. The depths of the ocean : a general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the Norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic. "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep-sea Expedition (1910); Oceanography; North Atlantic Ocean. INVERTEBRATE BOTTOM FAUNA 531 where in both the arctic and the boreal regions, while others are generally limited within the arctic region to water having temperatures just about or above o' C. These last are inter- mediate forms between this and the following category, and include, for instance, the prawn Pandalus borealis. A third category of species composing the arctic fauna con- Boreal forms sists of boreal forms that are able to enter the arctic region a^-cJlc'^"'^" owing to the warmth introduced by various branches of the distribution. Gulf Stream, which counteracts the chilling effects of the icy coastal and polar currents. On the coasts of East Finmark and on the Murman coast these are particularly in evidence. These boreo-arctic intermediate areas occupy that portion of the Norwegian Sea where the waters of the Gulf Stream and polar currents intermingle, or where the shallow coast waters (r^^. FUJ. 373. Hippolyte polaris, '^ah. Reduced. (After Parry.) acquire a high summer temperature in consequence of the comparatively milder climate produced by the proximity of the Gulf Stream. This boreo-arctic area contains certain forms of truly arctic origin, less sensitive in regard to temperatures above o'' C, and attaining here the extreme limits of their advance in a boreal direction. It also contains genuine boreal species, which may range as far south as the Mediterranean, and have their northern limit within this area. ,. Along the north-west coast of Norway from Lofoten to the Boreo-arctic North Cape (West Finmark) the character of the fauna is very ^''^^^• complicated, owing to the diversified hydrographical conditions, especially in the deeper places of the c
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpublisherlondo, bookyear1912
