. Urinary analysis and diagnosis by microscopical and chemical examination. the more intense cases it may exist in large amount. The reaction ofthe urine may be acid or alkaline. In mild acute cystitis, even when afew bacteria are seen, it may be acid, though, as a rule, only slightly chronic cases, on the other hand, the urine is always more or less alka-line, and the alkalinity may be marked. CATARRHAL CYSTITIS. Microscopical Features.—The microscopical features in cystitis differin the acute and chronic cases, as well as with the intensity of the inflam-mation, and are always characte
. Urinary analysis and diagnosis by microscopical and chemical examination. the more intense cases it may exist in large amount. The reaction ofthe urine may be acid or alkaline. In mild acute cystitis, even when afew bacteria are seen, it may be acid, though, as a rule, only slightly chronic cases, on the other hand, the urine is always more or less alka-line, and the alkalinity may be marked. CATARRHAL CYSTITIS. Microscopical Features.—The microscopical features in cystitis differin the acute and chronic cases, as well as with the intensity of the inflam-mation, and are always characteristic on account of the presence of blad-der epithelia. Pus-corpuscles, epithelia from the bladder, and mucus-threads are never absent, though their amount differs in the differentcases. Acute Catarrhal Cystitis (Fig. 118).—In an acute catarrhal cystitisof moderate severity the reaction of the urine may still be slightly acid,and salts will usually be found under the microscope, though they are notabundant. Those most commonly seen are crystals of calcium oxalate of. Fig. 118.—Acute Catarrhal Cystitis (X 500).RB, Red blood-corpuscles; PC, pus-corpuscles; 0, calcium oxalate; UA, ammoniumurate; UB, epithelia from the upper layers of the bladder; MB, epithelia from the middlelayers of the bladder; MT, mucus-threads; MC, mucus-corpuscles; CB, bacilli and cocci. DISEASES OF THE BLADDER. 253 different sizes, present in almost every field. Even in those cases, how-ever, which still give an acid reaction, globules of ammonium urate, partlythe dumb-bell form of ammonium urate in statu nascenti, partly small,but fully formed globules, are seen. Pus-corpuscles are never absent, as without them no diagnosis of in-flammation is possible; but their number varies, and the mildest casesshow perhaps only two, three, or four in every field. The more intensethe inflammation, the more numerous are the pus-corpuscles. Red blood-corpuscles are present in every case of acute cystitis, and also
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjecturine, bookyear1906
