History of the United States from the earliest discovery of America to the end of 1902 . a, Illinois, Mich-igan, Iowa, Wisconsin, California, Minne-sota, and Oregon, having 180 electoralvotes to Breckenridges 72, Bells 39, andDouglass 12. CHAPTER VIII. MATERIAL PROGRESS The population of the United States ini860 was 31,443,321. In spite of the threat-ening political complications between 1840and i860, these years were characterizedby astonishing economic prosperity. Thedecade after 1848 was, indeed, in point ofadvance in material weal, the golden ageof our history. Between 1850 and i860,the we
History of the United States from the earliest discovery of America to the end of 1902 . a, Illinois, Mich-igan, Iowa, Wisconsin, California, Minne-sota, and Oregon, having 180 electoralvotes to Breckenridges 72, Bells 39, andDouglass 12. CHAPTER VIII. MATERIAL PROGRESS The population of the United States ini860 was 31,443,321. In spite of the threat-ening political complications between 1840and i860, these years were characterizedby astonishing economic prosperity. Thedecade after 1848 was, indeed, in point ofadvance in material weal, the golden ageof our history. Between 1850 and i860,the wealth of the nation swelled 120 percent, the value of its farms 103 per cent.,its total manufacturing product 87 per cent.,its manufactured export 171 per cent, itsrailroad mileage 220 per cent Making alldue allowance for the rise of prices duringthe period, this is still a remarkable ex^hibit The great West continued to come underthe hand of civilization. Between 1850 and i860] material progress 269 i860 our centre of population made a longerstride westward than during any other dec-. Elias Howe. ade—from east of the meridian of Parkers-burg, W. Va., to the meridian of Chillicothe,O. Florida and Texas having been admit- ^^o THE YEARS OF SLAVERY [i860 ted to statehood in 1845, Iowa followednext year, Wisconsin in 1848, Californiain 1850, Minnesota, which had been an or-ganized Territory since 1849, in 1858, andOregon in 1859. Kansas, Nebraska, Utah,and Washington Territories were organizedbefore i860. By this date there were settle-ments far up the Rio Grande. The Pacificcoast was sought for lands and homes aswell as for gold. Fremonts expeditions in1842, 1844, and 1848 had done much toshow people the way thither. In 1853 theGovernment sent out four different partiesto survey suitable routes for a Pacific rail-way, a work followed up by three otherparties the next summer. The settlementsin Oregon had, by 1845, in places becomedense. Immigration hither was unfortunatelychecked
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