. Physico-Chemical Determinations at High Pressures by Optical Methods . dge-shaped fibre envelope,c the washers, flat rings supporting the glass cone, d the steel-pressure bomb, e thesteel bolt into which the glass window is fitted, andjfa screw. The chief object of these washers and conical packings may be described as beingthat of keeping the glass all the time surrounded by a half-plastic mass, which flows 128 DE. WALTER WAHL: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL DETERMINATIONS slightly, and thus transmits the pressure to the glass body in as even a manner aspossible. Originally the washers consisted of two f
. Physico-Chemical Determinations at High Pressures by Optical Methods . dge-shaped fibre envelope,c the washers, flat rings supporting the glass cone, d the steel-pressure bomb, e thesteel bolt into which the glass window is fitted, andjfa screw. The chief object of these washers and conical packings may be described as beingthat of keeping the glass all the time surrounded by a half-plastic mass, which flows 128 DE. WALTER WAHL: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL DETERMINATIONS slightly, and thus transmits the pressure to the glass body in as even a manner aspossible. Originally the washers consisted of two flat rings about 0*5 mm. thick each, theone on which the glass rests directly being of ivory, the other one of fibre. Theconical washer for temperatures up to about 70° C. has been of galalith, a materialused instead of ebonite for electric fittings, and for higher temperatures of this arrangement of the windows a great many of the measurements up toabout 1,600 have been carried out, and with some practical experience as to - ^afiK^S ClAt; /4L3AhKi. J-^. jo cm. Fig. L the way in which the glasses are fitted it is not difficult to get a pressure-bomb ofthis kind for optical investigations in working order. The glass used has chiefly beena borosilicate from Schott & Genossen, of Jena, which is used for the manufacture of Durax-glass high-pressure-ancl-temperature tubing. Suitable pieces of the glasswere cut from glass rods, the pieces annealed very carefully, and the cones thenground from these pieces. When overstrained, a 20 mm. thick cone of this glassshows interference colours of the first order at about 200 atmospheres below the pointat which it breaks. It is always necessary to watch the glass windows in polarizedlight when pressure is applied to them the first time after they have been fitted intothe steel bomb, as the appearance of interference colours at once suggests that thefitting is not satisfactory, for glass cones which stand pressures of several
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