Military aeroplanes, simplified, enlarged; an explanatory consideration of their characteristics, performances, construction, maintenance, and operation, specifically arranged for the use of aviators and students . j OLD PUSHER BIPLANES Above—Left—^Wilbur Wright, the inventor, and the early type of Wright double pusherbiplane, with elevator out in front. Right—Double screw pusher Wright biplane,of later pattern, elevator in rear. Center — Twin screw, pusher fuselage biplane, with engine in front. Bottom — Left — Early Curtiss open body, pusher — one screw, three wheel chassis,rudders in rear.
Military aeroplanes, simplified, enlarged; an explanatory consideration of their characteristics, performances, construction, maintenance, and operation, specifically arranged for the use of aviators and students . j OLD PUSHER BIPLANES Above—Left—^Wilbur Wright, the inventor, and the early type of Wright double pusherbiplane, with elevator out in front. Right—Double screw pusher Wright biplane,of later pattern, elevator in rear. Center — Twin screw, pusher fuselage biplane, with engine in front. Bottom — Left — Early Curtiss open body, pusher — one screw, three wheel chassis,rudders in rear. Right — Farman pusher biplane with nacelle or enclosed body. A fuselage encloses motor seats, etc., but in addition serves as the main structuralunit of a machine, whereas a nacelle serves merely for wind protection, since aseparate frame carries the rudders. The term empennages refers to the tail surfaces of a machine, whether they be bal-anced or flap and fin. The term fin largely replaces the term keel. It will be noted that the early Wrightmachines have no fins or keels in the empennages. The side surfaces of an enclosed fuselage are virtually keels. 17. EARLY TYPES OF MILITARY AEROPLANES 1. The Bleriot Monoplane used by France early in the war. 2. The Taube Monoplane used by Germany, at the start of the war. 3. The Aviatik Tractor, a German high powered biplane. 4. The B. E. 2 British Reconnaissance Tractor. 5. The Twin-Motored Caudron, used by the French. This machine climbed veryfast but was not very speedy. 6. The Vickers Pusher with gun. 7. The French Nieuport Speed Scout — a highly successful type with excellentspeed and splendid climb. 8. The Martinsyde Biplane, a British speed scout. 18
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectairplanes, bookyear19
