. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. THE NONMETALLIC MINEKALS. 393 It is olsowhorc^ stated that the point on the slope of the mountains wh(n'(^ the d(^posits of caliche are found is some 500 or (JOO feet hio-hcr than the valley, but that the material diminishes in quantity and rich- ness as the valley is approached and disappears entirely at the bottom. An examination of the workings of these beds discloses the follow- ing conditions: (1) That the surface to the depth of 8 or
. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. THE NONMETALLIC MINEKALS. 393 It is olsowhorc^ stated that the point on the slope of the mountains wh(n'(^ the d(^posits of caliche are found is some 500 or (JOO feet hio-hcr than the valley, but that the material diminishes in quantity and rich- ness as the valley is approached and disappears entirely at the bottom. An examination of the workings of these beds discloses the follow- ing conditions: (1) That the surface to the depth of 8 or 10 inches is covered with a layer of fine, loose Nctlite und Glau-berlie NUraie of Sodium Fig. 12. MAP OF NITRATE REGION, CHILE. After Fuchs and De Launav. (2) That underneath the sand is a cong-lomerate of amorphous por- phyry, feldspar, chloride of sodium, magnesia, gypsum, etc., cemented by the sulphate of lime into a hard, compact mass to a depth of 6 to 10 feet, called the "costra" or crust. (3) That below this crust the caliche, or impure nitrate, is found, presenting to the view a variety of colors—yellowish-white, orange, bluish-grav, Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Smithsonian Institution. Board of Regents; United States National Museum. Report of the U. S. National Museum; Smithsonian Institution. Report of the Secretary. Washington : Smithsonian Institution
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