. Pathogenic micro-organisms, including bacteria and Protozoa; a practical manual for students, physicians and health officers. ace. They now centrifuged and testedboth the sedimented red cells and the clear supernatant serum. Itwas found that at the temperature 0° to 3° C. the red cells had com-bined with all of the sensitizing substance, but had left the alexin prac-tically untouched. The addition of red cells in the experiments was always in the formof a 5 per cent, mixture or suspension in per cent.— i. e., isotonic-salt solution. The significance of the last of the above-cited experi
. Pathogenic micro-organisms, including bacteria and Protozoa; a practical manual for students, physicians and health officers. ace. They now centrifuged and testedboth the sedimented red cells and the clear supernatant serum. Itwas found that at the temperature 0° to 3° C. the red cells had com-bined with all of the sensitizing substance, but had left the alexin prac-tically untouched. The addition of red cells in the experiments was always in the formof a 5 per cent, mixture or suspension in per cent.— i. e., isotonic-salt solution. The significance of the last of the above-cited experiments is, ac-cording to Ehrlich, at once apparent. It is that the sensitizing sub-stance possesses one combining group with an intense affinity (activeeven at 0° C.) for the red cell, and a second group possessing a weakeraffinity (one requiring a higher temperature) for the alexin. Names Attached to Substances Producing Bacteriolysis.—Dif-ferent investigators have applied to them different names. The onewhich is resistant to heat, which attaches itself directly to bacteria, THE PROTECTIVE DEFENCES OF THE BODY. 157. even at low temperatures, and is increased during immunization, iscalled sensitizing substance, interbody, amboceptor, or immunebody. The other, which is sensitive to heat, which is present in thehealthy normal serum, is not increased during immunization, andwhich unites with the bacterial protoplasm only at temperatures con-siderably above the freezing point, is called alexin, or complement. The immune body attaches itself to the bacterial substance, but doesnot appreciably harm the cells. The complement destroys the cellsafter the immune body has made the cell vulnerable. According to Ehrlich, the immune body firstunites with the protoplasm of the cell and thisdevelops in the immune body an affinity forthe complement and the two unite. (See ) He believes that it is through the im-mune body that the complement exerts itsaction on the cell. Very simila
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