. Railroad construction. Theory and practice. A textbook for the use of students in colleges and technical schools. By Walter Loring Webb . SECTION THROUGH PLATE AT POINT. Kail Joints and Frogs. SECTION THROtIGH SPRING-HOUSING. {To face page 260.) § 245. RAIL-FASTENiyGS. 201 asainst this was bv the use of rail-braces, one pattern of which is shown in Fig. 12U. But it has been found that tie-. FiG. 120. plates serve the purpose even better, and rail-braces have beenabandoned where tie-plates are used, {c) Driving spikes throughholes in the plate enables the spikes on each side of the rail tomut
. Railroad construction. Theory and practice. A textbook for the use of students in colleges and technical schools. By Walter Loring Webb . SECTION THROUGH PLATE AT POINT. Kail Joints and Frogs. SECTION THROtIGH SPRING-HOUSING. {To face page 260.) § 245. RAIL-FASTENiyGS. 201 asainst this was bv the use of rail-braces, one pattern of which is shown in Fig. 12U. But it has been found that tie-. FiG. 120. plates serve the purpose even better, and rail-braces have beenabandoned where tie-plates are used, {c) Driving spikes throughholes in the plate enables the spikes on each side of the rail tomutually support each other, no matter in which (lateral) direc-tion the rail may tend to move, and this probably accounts inlarge measure for the added stability obtained by the use of tie-plates, id) The wear in spikes, called necking, caused bythe vertical vibration of the rail against them, is very greatlyreduced, {e) The cost is very small compared with the valueof the added life of the tie, the large reduction in the work oftrack maintenance, and the smoother running on the better trackwhich is obtained. It has been estimated that by the use oftie-plates the life of hard-wood ties is increased from one tothree years, and the life of soft-wood ties is increased from threeto six years. From the very nature of the case, the value oftie-plates is greater when they are used to protect s
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