. Textile raw materials and their conversion into yarns : (the study of the raw materials and the technology of the spinning process) a text-book for textile, trade and higher technical schools, as also for self-instruction ; based upon the ordinary syllabus and curriculum of the Imperial and Royal Austrian weaving schools. B.—Attempts have not been wanting to prepare flaxwithout retting ; hitherto, however, without any satisfactoryresult. The mechanical methods of preparation next employedare :— 1. Breaking. 2. Scutching. 3. Hackling. I. Breaking. This operation is performed in order to break
. Textile raw materials and their conversion into yarns : (the study of the raw materials and the technology of the spinning process) a text-book for textile, trade and higher technical schools, as also for self-instruction ; based upon the ordinary syllabus and curriculum of the Imperial and Royal Austrian weaving schools. B.—Attempts have not been wanting to prepare flaxwithout retting ; hitherto, however, without any satisfactoryresult. The mechanical methods of preparation next employedare :— 1. Breaking. 2. Scutching. 3. Hackling. I. Breaking. This operation is performed in order to break up thewoody core, and consists in causing the stalk to buckle at anumber of points, whereby the bast tissue is also opened andsplit. For carrying out this task use is made of:— 2 2 TEXTILE RAW MATERIALS. (a) The hand breaker. (6) The breaking machine. (c) The stripping machine. (a) The Hand simple tool, which is used where flax is prepared athome or in small works, is shown in Figs. 6 and 7. It consistsof three knives, a, which, together with the solid supports, b,form the block, and of the beater, c, which is formed of twoknives, c, and being hinged on to the block, is worked up anddown by means of the handle, d. The worker breaks thestalks by holding them over the knives, a, with the left hand,. Fig. 6.—Front View of Hand Breaker. Fig. 7.—Section through Blockand Beater. whilst the beater, c, is being forcibly moved up and down withthe right hand. (b) The Breaking Machine. Fig. 8 depicts a flax-breaking machine fitted with fivepairs of grooved rollers, a, b, c, d, e. The lower rollers aremounted in fixed bearings, and are driven by conewheel gear-ing from a shaft placed at the one side. The upper rollers run in sliding bearings, and are caused torotate by the grip of the grooves. The first pair, a, with largegrooves, run at a speed of about 24 revolutions per minute, TEXTILE RAW ^rATERIALS. 23 the pair with the narrowest grooves at the farther end of t
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjecttextile, bookyear1901
