. The principles and practice of dental surgery. of the or pterygoid process. The bones of the Head are twenty-two in number, of whicheight compose the cranium and fourteen the face. Those of thecranium are one frontal, two parietal, two temporal, one occi-pital, one sphenoid and one ethmoid. Those of the face are sixpairs and two single bones; the pairs are the two malar, twosuperior maxillary, two lachrymal, two nasal, two palatine andtwo inferior turbinated. The vomer and inferior maxillary arethe two single bones. THE TEETH. The teeth are the prime organs of mastication, are theharde
. The principles and practice of dental surgery. of the or pterygoid process. The bones of the Head are twenty-two in number, of whicheight compose the cranium and fourteen the face. Those of thecranium are one frontal, two parietal, two temporal, one occi-pital, one sphenoid and one ethmoid. Those of the face are sixpairs and two single bones; the pairs are the two malar, twosuperior maxillary, two lachrymal, two nasal, two palatine andtwo inferior turbinated. The vomer and inferior maxillary arethe two single bones. THE TEETH. The teeth are the prime organs of mastication, are thehardest portions of the body, and are implanted in the alveolarcavities of both the upper and lower jaw. Although analogousin structure to bone, they are regarded, by some, from theirmode of development, as a modification of mucous membrane. A tooth is composed of four distinct structures: 1. Thepulp, occupying the chamber in the crown and the canal extend-ing through the root; 2. The dentine, which constitutes the 40 ORGANS OF MASTICATION. Fig. principal part of the organ ; 3. The enamel, which forms thecovering and protection of the crown; cein^ntum or crusta petrosa, whichcovers the root. (See Fig. 9.) The teeth of first dentition, termed themilk, temporary, or deciduous teeth, aredesigned merely to supply the wants ofchildhood, and are replaced with a larger,stronger and more numerous set. Theseare termed the permanent or adult teeth,and are intended to continue through anatomical divisions of a tooth are :1. The crown or exposed part situatedabove the gum ; 2. The root occupyingthe alveolar cavity or socket; 3. The neckwhich is the constricted portion between^^ crown and root. THE TEMPORARY TEETH. The temporary teeth are divided intothree classes: first, the incisors ; second,Fio 9 a The coroQai surface the cuspids or cauinc tccth; third, the divested of enamel; 6 Tbe (leu- rlmin.,!.!! Vl^, T^, ^^^ molnYs, whlch are succeeded by the biscus- cemeatum, or crust
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