Atlas and epitome of traumatic fractures and dislocations . TiJiiaMaileoULs meduzlis Os ncLoiculare y^ \- Os cunciforme 1Os melatarsale J II. Isolated Fracture of the Tibia, and III. Isolated Fractureof the Fibula at their Lower Extremities These two classes include isolated supramalleolar andmalleolar fractures of one or the other of the two are produced indirectly in the same manner as thefractures of the ankle which have just been minutely de-scribed, except that the force required is less intense orthe application less prolonged. They may also be pro-duced by direct violence thr
Atlas and epitome of traumatic fractures and dislocations . TiJiiaMaileoULs meduzlis Os ncLoiculare y^ \- Os cunciforme 1Os melatarsale J II. Isolated Fracture of the Tibia, and III. Isolated Fractureof the Fibula at their Lower Extremities These two classes include isolated supramalleolar andmalleolar fractures of one or the other of the two are produced indirectly in the same manner as thefractures of the ankle which have just been minutely de-scribed, except that the force required is less intense orthe application less prolonged. They may also be pro-duced by direct violence through the agency of a sharpbody striking the bone or by the individuaFs fallingagainst such a body. Tab. 67 FRACTURES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY. 333 Isolated fractures of one malleolus are relatively com-moiij while isolated supramalleolar fractures are rare. Examination sometimes fails to yield positive results,but the pain elicited by abduction or adduction of the foot,or by pressure, or by a blow, will at least suggest the pres-ence of a fissure. Doubtful cases must be treated as iffracture were present. The treatment should follow thegeneral principles laid down for the treatment of fracturesof the ankle. 6. ASTRAGALO=CRURAL ARTICULATION Movements of the foot include flexion and extension atthe astragalo-crural articulation, and pronation and supi-nation at the astragalo-tarsal articulation. In pronationand supination the full connection between the astragalusand the bones of the leg is maintained, the movementsaffecting only the articular connections between the astrag-alus and the os calcis and those between the talus [astrag-alus] and the os naviculare [scaphoid]. When external violence
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectfractur, bookyear1902
