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The Roman Forum was the central area around which ancient Rome developed in which commerce and the administration of justice took place The communal hearth was also located here Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a city state founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea In its twelve century existence Roman civilization shifted from a monarchy to a republic based on a combination of oligarchy and democracy to an autocratic empire It came to dominate Western Europe and the entire area surrounding the Mediterranean Sea through conquest and assimilation Nevertheless the Roman empire eventually went into decline The western half of the empire including Hispania Gaul and Italy broke into independent kingdoms in the 5th century The eastern empire governed from Constantinople is usually referred to as the Byzantine Empire after 476 the traditional date for the Fall of Rome and for the subsequent onset of the Early Middle Ages also known as the Dark Ages Roman civilization is often grouped into Classical Antiquity with ancient Greece a civilization that inspired much of the culture of ancient Rome Ancient Rome contributed greatly to the development of law war art literature architecture technology and language in the Western world and its history continues to have a major influence on the world today source Wikipedia
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