. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. signal at A signal at B. absolute phase at A absolute phase at B phase at A relative to B (A-B) phase at B relative to A (B-A) Figure 2. (Lett) Phase differences between two body areas A and B. The fish's own electric organ dis- charge establishes a radial electric field (long arrows) because of the internal location of the electric organ, while the neighbor's EOD creates a more-or-less parallel field (short solid arrows) due to the external loca- tion of the neighbor's electric organ. Electroreceptors, which are sensitive t
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. signal at A signal at B. absolute phase at A absolute phase at B phase at A relative to B (A-B) phase at B relative to A (B-A) Figure 2. (Lett) Phase differences between two body areas A and B. The fish's own electric organ dis- charge establishes a radial electric field (long arrows) because of the internal location of the electric organ, while the neighbor's EOD creates a more-or-less parallel field (short solid arrows) due to the external loca- tion of the neighbor's electric organ. Electroreceptors, which are sensitive to the local electric field oriented perpendicularly to the skin surface, are more-or-less evenly stimulated by the fish's own EOD across all body areas. The degree of stimulation by the neighbor's EOD, however, differs between areas A and B. The depth of phase modulation is a function of the ratio between the two signals; thus differential phase modulations arise between areas A and B. (After Kawasaki, 1993.) (Right) Differential phase computation may yield a wrong result depending on the spatial orientation ol the neighbor's electric field. Two spatial orientations of the neighbor's electric field are assumed (short solid arrows and broken short arrows in left). The vertical axis represents absolute and relative phase modulations at areas A and B. The solid orientation yields a deeper phase modulation in A. and the dotted orientation yields a stronger modulation in B because of the different mixing ratios. Subtraction of the absolute phase at A from that of B, or vice ve-rxa. is shown in the bottom two traces. Note that the change of orientation results in the inversion of the sign of the phase difference. Note also that such a sign inversion of phase information implies the opposite sign of frequency difference between the fish's own and the neighbor's EOD as evident from Fig. 1. Branches of these afferent fibers project also to the so- mata of giant cells in the medulla (Fig
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
