Elements of comparative anatomy (1878) Elements of comparative anatomy elementsofcompar00gege Year: 1878 VEKTEI5ILE OF VERTEIJKATA. 433 which is ordinarily known as tlie urostyle (Fig from the rudiments of a few vertebras; counting than ten vertebral segments can be made out. more in the Urodela; Amphiuma has as many as 100; Menopoma, 48; Salamandra, 42; and the Ccecilias, about 230. The transverse processes (tr) are small in the Salamandrina; the anterior ones are generally divided into two segments; in the Anura they are larger, but not divided. The superior spinous processes are always rud
Elements of comparative anatomy (1878) Elements of comparative anatomy elementsofcompar00gege Year: 1878 VEKTEI5ILE OF VERTEIJKATA. 433 which is ordinarily known as tlie urostyle (Fig from the rudiments of a few vertebras; counting than ten vertebral segments can be made out. more in the Urodela; Amphiuma has as many as 100; Menopoma, 48; Salamandra, 42; and the Ccecilias, about 230. The transverse processes (tr) are small in the Salamandrina; the anterior ones are generally divided into two segments; in the Anura they are larger, but not divided. The superior spinous processes are always rudimentary. Articulations between the arches of the vertebras are very common, and are effected by the formation of paired articular processes. The connection between the pelvic girdle and the vertebral column does not only more dis- tinctly mark off the caudal portion from the region of the trunk, but a sacral portion is thus represented by a vertebra, which is generally distinguished (and especially in Pipa) by the size of its transverse processes. Gegenbauk, Unters. uber die Wirbels&ule der Amphibien. 225, c), is formed this then, no more There are many Fie-. Verte- Leipzig, 1861. § 332. 225. bral coluuiu and pel- vis of the Frog. tr Transverse pro- cesses, s Sacral ver- tebra, c Urostyle. il Ilium, is Ischium. / Femur. The rudiments of the vertebral column are developed around the chorda dorsalis of the Sau- ropsida, as of the Amphibia. Arches, which enclose the spinal canal, are given off by the cartilaginous centra. The notochord is also constricted between the vertebras (cf. Fig. 222, B), but the whole of it eventually disappears (except in the Ascalobota). The continuous rudiment is separated into centra in just the same way as in the anourous Amphibia; in the Saurii and Ophidii, the centra are proccelous. In the Crocodilini and Aves the cartilaginous portions of the rudiment, which lie between the centra in the cervical region, are converted into a special interverte
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