. The Canadian field-naturalist. A Helicopter-based Survey of Waterfowl Broods in Central Ontario M. T. Merendino13, c. D. Ankneyi, and R. K. Ross2 ^Department of Zoology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada ^Canadian Wildlife Service, 49 Camelot Drive, Nepean, Ontario KIA 0H3, Canada ^Present address: Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 1700 7th Street, Bay City, Texas 77414, USA Merendino, M. T., C. D. Ankney, and R. K. Ross. 2000. A helicopter-based survey of waterfowl broods in central Ontario. Canadian Field-Naturalist 114(2): 296-300. The Precambrian shield re
. The Canadian field-naturalist. A Helicopter-based Survey of Waterfowl Broods in Central Ontario M. T. Merendino13, c. D. Ankneyi, and R. K. Ross2 ^Department of Zoology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada ^Canadian Wildlife Service, 49 Camelot Drive, Nepean, Ontario KIA 0H3, Canada ^Present address: Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 1700 7th Street, Bay City, Texas 77414, USA Merendino, M. T., C. D. Ankney, and R. K. Ross. 2000. A helicopter-based survey of waterfowl broods in central Ontario. Canadian Field-Naturalist 114(2): 296-300. The Precambrian shield region of central Ontario supports numerous breeding waterfowl, but only localized attempts to docu- ment brood production have been undertaken. During summers of 1990 and 1991, we conducted brood surveys, via heli- copter, on 13 100-km2 (10 km X 10 km) survey plots. The most common broods were Mallard, Black Duck, Wood Duck, Hooded Merganser, and Ring-necked Duck. Observations of these species were in proportion to, or greater than, expected fre- quencies compared to abundance of breeding pairs. Class Ilb-III brood sizes for all species were similar to those reported from ground surveys in other areas of eastern Canada and the United States. Peak hatching for all species occurred from 1 June to 15 July. Based on numbers of breeding waterfowl and the general agreement between brood and pair ratios, considerable waterfowl production likely occurs in central Ontario. We suggest that brood surveys in central Ontario start no earlier than 25 June and end by 25 July. Surveys are expensive, so effort should be stratified based on breeding pair densities. For cost-effec- tiveness, a single survey in late July may provide a reUable production index for both early and late-nesting species. Key Words: Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos. Black Duck, Anas rubripes. Wood Duck, Aix sponsa. Hooded Merganser, Lophodytes cucullatus. Ring-necked Duck, Aythya collaris, helicopter, waterfowl, broods, surve
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