Elements of ecology (1954) Elements of ecology elementsofecolog00clar Year: 1954 Communilij Concept 407 The step-like occunence of the vegetation within a community, or between commmiities, may react on the environment to impose a zonation on some of the physical features of the habitat, and this in turn may cause a zonation in the minor constituents of the community. Even without this effect, however, the dependence of certain plants and of many animals upon specific kinds of vegetation for food, shelter, or other needs produces abrupt changes in the distribution Fig. Zonation of ve
Elements of ecology (1954) Elements of ecology elementsofecolog00clar Year: 1954 Communilij Concept 407 The step-like occunence of the vegetation within a community, or between commmiities, may react on the environment to impose a zonation on some of the physical features of the habitat, and this in turn may cause a zonation in the minor constituents of the community. Even without this effect, however, the dependence of certain plants and of many animals upon specific kinds of vegetation for food, shelter, or other needs produces abrupt changes in the distribution Fig. Zonation of vegetation in a semicircle around a shallow pool, and also between the pool and a sand beach at Woods Hole, Mass. (1) Bulrushes {Scirpus americunus), (2) marshmallows {Althaea ofpcimilis), (3) poison ivy {Rhus Toxicodendron), (4) bayberry {Myrica ), (5) beachgrass {Spartina uherniflora), and (6) wild roses {Rosa nigosa). of the minor inhabitants corresponding to that of the dominating species. Continental and altitudinal tree lines have already been mentioned as illustrations of relatively abrupt limits to communities without correspondingly sharp changes in the physical environment. Many other examples could be cited of the action of the vegetation in complicating the environment and sharpening the transition between biotopes. Thus for a variety of reasons the boundaries of certain biocenoses are clearly distinct, but in many other instances one biocenose gives place gradually and irregularly to another.
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